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Characteristics ofAbnormal Behavior
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Myths and Misconceptions
about Abnormal Behavior
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Myths and Misconceptions
Myth: Abnormal behavior is always
bizarre:
Fact: The behavior of many peoplewho are diagnosed as having amental disorder often cannot bedistinguished from that of normalpeople.
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Myths and Misconceptions
Myth: Normal and abnormal behavior
are dierent in ind
Fact: Few types of abnormal behaviordisplayed by people with a mentaldisorder are uni!ue to them
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Myths andMisconceptions
Myth: "nce people have a mental
disorder# they will always have it.
Fact: Most people can be successfullytreated for a mental disorder
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Dening abnormal
behavior
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Denition
$nsanity% a legal term# not apsychological term% as the inability
to appreciate the nature and !ualityor wrongfulness of one&s acts
According to A'A# abnormal behavioris a mental illness that aects or ismanifested in a person&s brain
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Denition
Abnormal behavior is behavior thatis:
Deviant – dierent from what isconsidered to be normal or morallycorrect
Maladaptive- inade!uate or faulty
adaptation Personal Distress- the low moods or
discomfort that results when empathetic
people become too deeply involved inothers( ain
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Theoretical approaches to
psychological disorders
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Biological Approach
This attributes psychologicaldisorders to organic# internal causes.
$t is evident in the medical model#which describes psychologicaldisorders as medical diseases with abiological origin
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Biological Approach
)iological views on psychologicaldisorders:
Structural views- abnormalities in thebrain structure cause mental disorders
Biochemical views- imbalances inneurotransmitters or hormones cause
mental disorders Genetic views- disordered genes cause
mental disorders
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Psychological Approach
Psychodynamic perspective-'sychological disorders arise from
unconscious con*icts that producean+iety and results in maladaptivebehavior
Behavioral and social cognitive perspective- The focus is on therewards and punishments in theenvironment that determine
abnormal behavior
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Psychological Approach
Humanistic perspective- This
emphasizes a capacity for growth#freedom to choose one&s owndestiny# and positive personal!ualities
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Sociocultural Approach
The sociocultural approach placesmore emphasis on the larger social
conte+ts in which a person livesAny number of psychological
problems can develop because ofpower struggles in a family
$ndividuals from low,income#minority neighborhoods have thehighest rates of mental disorders
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Sociocultural Approach
-omen are lielier than men tosuer from an+iety disorders and
depressionMen are socialized to direct their
energy toward the e+ternal world#and they more often havee+ternalized disorders that involveaggression and substance abuse
ome disorders are culture related
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Sociocultural Approach
Disorder Culture Description/Characteristics
Amo Malaysia# 'hilippines#Africa
This disorder involvessudden uncontrolled
outbursts of anger inwhich the person mayin/ure or ill someone
Anore+ia Nervosa -estern cultures0esp. 1nited tates2
This eating disorderinvolves a relentlesspursuit of thinnessthrough starvationand can eventually
lead to death
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Classifying abnormal
behavior
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DSM! ClassicationSystem
The Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders"
#ifth $dition 0DSM-52 is the 4567update to the American 'sychiatricAssociation&s 0A'A2 classi8cation anddiagnostic tool.
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DSM! ClassicationSystem
ection $: describes 9M, chapterorganization# its change from the
multia+ial system# and ection $$$(sdimensional assessmentsection $$: diagnostic criteria and
codesection $$$: emerging measures and
models
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DSM%& Section ''
() *eurodevelopmental disorders are impairments of the growth and
development of the brain or centralnervous system. A narrower use ofthe term refers to a disorder of brainfunction thataects emotion# learning ability# self,control and memory and that unfoldsas the individual grows
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DSM%& Section ''
$ncludes:
▪ $ntellectual disability 0$92
▪
;ommunication disorders▪ Autism spectrum disorders
▪ Motor disorders
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DSM%& Section ''
+. Schi,ophrenia spectrum andother psychotic disorders are
de8ned by abnormalities in one ormore of the following 8ve domains:delusions# hallucinations#disorganized thining 0speech2#grossly disorganized or abnormalmotor behavior 0including catatonia2#and negative symptoms
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DSM%& Section ''
• $ncludes:
▪ chizophrenia
▪
chizoaective disorder▪ 9elusional disorder
▪ ;atatonia
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DSM%& Section ''
-) Bipolar and related disorders .includes:
▪
)ipolar $ disorder▪ )ipolar $$ disorder
▪ ;yclothymic disorder
▪
"ther speci8ed bipolar and relateddisorder
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DSM%& Section ''
) Depressive disorders are
characterized by sadness severeenough or persistent enough tointerfere with function and often bydecreased interest or pleasure inactivities.
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DSM%& Section ''
$ncludes:• Ma/or depressive disorder 0often called ma/or
depression2
• 'ersistent depressive disorder 0dysthymia2• "ther speci8ed or unspeci8ed depressive
disorder
• 'remenstrual dysphoric disorder
• 9epressive disorder due to another medicalcondition
• ubstance
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DSM%& Section ''
%) An0iety disorders characterized
by feelingsof an+iety and fear# where an+iety isa worry about future events and fearis a reaction to current events
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DSM%& Section ''
$ncludes:• =eneralized an+iety disorder
•
'hobias• 'anic disorder
• eparation an+iety
• ocial an+iety
• elective mutism
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DSM%& Section ''
1) 2bsessivecompulsive andrelated disorders includes:
▪
obsessive,compulsive disorder0";92
▪ body dysmorphic disorder 0)992
▪
hoarding disorder▪ trichotillomania 0hair,pullingdisorder2
▪ e+coriation 0sin,picing2 disorder
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DSM%& Section ''
3) Trauma and stressorrelated
disorders disorders in whiche+posure to a traumatic or stressfulevent is listed e+plicitly as adiagnostic criterion
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DSM%& Section ''
4) Dissociative disorders involve asudden loss of memory or change of
identity.• $ncludes&
▪ 9issociative amnesia
▪ 9issociative identity disorder
▪ 9epersonalization
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DSM%& Section ''
5) Somatic symptom and relateddisorders They occur whenpsychological symptoms tae a physical
form even though no physical causes canbe found• $ncludes:
▪ somatic symptom disorder
▪ illness an+iety disorder
▪ conversion disorder 0functional neurologicalsymptom disorder2
▪ factitious disorder
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DSM%& Section ''
(6) #eeding and eating disorderscharacterized by a persistent
disturbance of eating or eating,related behavior that results in thealtered consumption or absorption offood and that signi8cantly impairsphysical health or psychosocialfunctioning
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DSM%& Section ''
$ncludes:• pica
•
rumination disorder• avoidant
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DSM%& Section ''
(() Sleep7a8e disorders$ndividuals with these disorders
typically present with sleep,waecomplaints of dissatisfactionregarding the !uality# timing# andamount of sleep. >esulting daytimedistress and impairment are corefeatures shared by all of these sleep,wae disorders.
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DSM%& Section ''
$ncludes:• insomnia disorder
•
hypersomnolence disorder• Narcolepsy
• circadian rhythm sleep,wae disorders
• nightmare disorder
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DSM%& Section ''
(+) Se0ual dysfunction di?culty
e+perienced by an individual or acouple during any stage of anormal se+ual activity# includingphysicalpleasure# desire#preference# arousalor orgasm
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DSM%& Section ''
(-) 9ender dysphoria describes
people who e+periencesigni8cant dysphoria 0distress2 withthe se+ and gender theywere assigned at birth
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DSM%& Section ''
() Disruptive" impulsecontrol"and conduct disorders includeconditions involving problems in theself,control of emotions and behaviors.• $ncludes:
▪ ;onduct disorder
▪ $mpulse,control disorder▪ 'yromania
▪ @leptomania
▪ $ntermittent e+plosive disorder
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DSM%& Section ''
(%) Substancerelated andaddictive disorders encompass65 separate classes of drugs:
alcohol caeine
cannabis
hallucinogens 0with separate categoriesfor phencyclidine Bor similarly actingarylcyclohe+ylaminesC and otherhallucinogens2
inhalants
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DSM%& Section ''
opioids
sedatives# hypnotics# and an+iolytics
stimulants 0amphetamine,typesubstances# cocaine# and otherstimulants2
tobacco
and other 0or unnown2 substances
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DSM%& Section ''
(3) Paraphilic disorders re!uiresboth the presence of a paraphilic
urges and the e+istence of distress#dysfunction# and
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DSM%& Section ''
$ncludes:• voyeuristic#
• e+hibitionistic#
• frotteuristic#
• se+ual masochism#
• se+ual sadism#
•
pedophilic#• fetishistic# and
• transvestic disorders
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DSM%& Section ''
(4) Personality disorders are aclass of mental
disorders characterized by enduringmaladaptive patterns of behavior#cognition# and inner e+perience#e+hibited across many conte+ts anddeviating maredly from thoseaccepted by the individual(s culture
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DSM%& Section ''
$ncludes:• 'aranoid personality disorder
• chizoid personality disorder
• chizotypal personality disorder• Antisocial personality disorder
• )orderline personality disorder
• Distrionic personality disorder
• Narcissistic personality disorder• Avoidant personality disorder
• 9ependent personality disorder
• "bsessive,compulsive personality disorder
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