Chapter 9 Section 9.4 – 9.6 1. Cloning Clone Clone- a member of a group of genetically identical cells 2.
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Chapter 9 Section 9.4 –
9.6
1
CloningCloning CloneClone- a member
of a group of genetically identical cells
2
Cloning Cloning organismsorganismsA body cellbody cell from one organism and an egg cellegg cell from another are fused
The resulting cell divides divides like a normal embryolike a normal embryo
3
Human Genome Human Genome ProjectProject
4
Human Genome Project
Started in 1990 Research effort to sequence
all of our DNA (46 chromosomes)
Over 3.3 billion nucleotides Mapping every gene location
(loci) Conducted by scientists
around the world5
Benefits of Human Genome Project Improvements in Improvements in medical medical
preventionprevention of disease, gene of disease, gene therapies, diagnosis therapies, diagnosis techniques …techniques …
Production of useful proteinProduction of useful protein products for use in medicine, products for use in medicine, agriculture, bioremediation agriculture, bioremediation and pharmaceutical industries.and pharmaceutical industries.
Improved Improved bioinformaticsbioinformatics – – using computers to help in using computers to help in DNA sequencing …DNA sequencing …
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Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering
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Genetic Engineering – inserting cloned genes from one organism into a different organism Recombinant DNA – DNA that
contains genes from more than one organism
Bacteria are commonly used – plasmids (loop of DNA – that is separate from the bacterial chromosome)
Genetic Engineering creates transgenic organisms 8
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BiotechnologyProvides:BiotechnologyProvides:
• Improved food products
•Medical advances
• An enhanced environment
• Improved food products
•Medical advances
• An enhanced environment
Herbicide Resistant Crops
Soybeans: Roundup Ready Corn: Roundup Ready, Liberty Link Cotton: BXN, Roundup Ready Canola: Liberty Link, Roundup Ready
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Biotechnology BreakthroughsBiotechnology Breakthroughs Insulin (1982)
First commercial biotech product
Reliable, inexpensive source of insulin
Rice Enriched with beta-carotene
and iron
Bananas Containing edible hepatitis
vaccine
Insulin (1982) First commercial biotech
product Reliable, inexpensive source of
insulin
Rice Enriched with beta-carotene
and iron
Bananas Containing edible hepatitis
vaccine11
Biotechnology BreakthroughsBiotechnology Breakthroughs
Potatoes with higher solid content
Garlic that lowers cholesterol
Fruits and vegetables that reduce risks of cancer and heart disease
Potatoes with higher solid content
Garlic that lowers cholesterol
Fruits and vegetables that reduce risks of cancer and heart disease
12
Environmental BenefitsEnvironmental Benefits
Reduced pesticide use
Lower energy requirements
Cleaner water
Less soil erosion
Reduced pesticide use
Lower energy requirements
Cleaner water
Less soil erosion
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