Transcript
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
• any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
• preparation of any derivative work, including extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
• any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Psychology Over the Life Span
Growing Up,Growing Older, Growing Wiser
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Having Children• Do you want to have children some day? Why
or why not? • What are some reasons why people would or
wouldn’t want kids?
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Getting a Start in Life• Gametes
– Sperm– Egg
• Chromosomes– XX = female– XY = male
Review• DNA exists as two long, paired strands spiraled into the famous double
helix. • The 3 billion base pairs are organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes (one
set of pair inherited from the mother and one from the father).
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Stages of Developmentin the Womb
• Trimesters• Zygote
– A fertilized egg• Embryo
– 2 weeks to 8 weeks after conception• Fetus
– 8 weeks until birth
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Teratogens
• Maternal illness– Chicken pox, rubella, HIV
• Alcohol and drugs– Alcohol, heroin, cocaine
• Caffeine and smoking• Diet and pollution
– Malnutrition– Too much methymercury-contain fish (such as tuna)
Maternal stressors
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Vulnerability in Prenatal Development
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Reflexes Present at Birth
• Withdrawal (10 days)• Stepping (2 months)• Sucking (3 months)• Rooting (3-4 months)• Palmar grasp (4 months)• Startle (5 months)• Swimming (6 months)• Tonic neck (7 months)
• Plantar (1 year)• Babinski (1 year)• Eye blink (life)
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Temperament
Types• Approach style• Withdrawal style• Easy• DifficultBiological factorsNurturing experiences
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Physical and Motor Development Milestones
Baby’s first steps
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Infancy and Childhood
• Perceptual development– Visual perception
• Visual cliff experiment• Habituation technique
– Auditory perception
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Jean Piaget
Schema
Accommodation Assimilation
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Jean Piaget
• Periods of cognitive development– Sensorimotor– Preoperational– Concrete operations– Formal operations
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Sensorimotor Period
• Age– 0–2 years
• Major achievements– Object permanence– Imitation
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Preoperational Period
• Age– 2–7 years
• Major achievement– Capacity for mental representation
• Egocentrism
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Concrete Operations Period
• Age– 7–11 years
• Major achievements– Can take another person’s perspective– Classifying objects– Conservation and other reversible mental
operations
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Formal Operations Period
• Age– 11 years (at the earliest)
• Major achievements– Abstract concepts– Logic– Reversibility– Hypothetical thinking
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Attachment
• Harlow’s monkeys– Importance of comfort contact
• Separation anxiety• Ainsworth: Strange Situation experiments
– Secure attachment– Avoidant attachment– Resistant attachment– Disorganized/disoriented attachment
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Adolescence: Physical developmentPuberty
• What are some of physical changes that boys and girls experience during adolescence?
• Boys and girls experience puberty earlier than in the past. Impact?
• How do the changes influence them psychologically?
• Is early versus late puberty a good or bad thing? Does it vary by gender?
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Adolescence
• Cognitive development– Abstract reasoning
• Adolescent egocentrism– Imaginary audience– Peer pressure
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
What Behaviors Characterized the Social and Emotional Development of Adolescents?
• Conflicts with parents– Most frequent in early adolescence– Most intense in mid-adolescence
• Mood swings– Depression– Loneliness– Suicide
• Risk taking• Peer relationships
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Adolescence
• Do adolescents have more problems than younger kids and older young adults?
• Is it worse for boys or girls? Do they cope differently?
• Do parents have different dating rules for boys or girls? Why or why not?
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Adulthood and Aging
• The changing body– Genes– Environment– Menopause (for women)
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Adulthood and Aging
• Perception– Cataracts– Hearing– Smell
• Memory– Recall of specific episodic memories– Working memory
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Adulthood and Aging
• Intelligence and specific abilities– Fluid intelligence– Crystallized intelligence
“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
EuthanasiaJack Kevorkian is an American pathologist, who is most noted for publicly
championing a terminal patient's right to die via physician-assisted suicide; This is active euthanasia (i.e., active steps are taken to short the person’s life).
Terri Schiavo suffered brain damage and became dependent on a feeding tube. In 1998, Michael Schiavo, her husband and guardian, petitioned the Pinellas County Circuit Court to remove her feeding tube. Removing the feeding tube would be passive euthanasia (i.e., steps are not taken to keep the person alive).
• Is passive or active euthanasia every justified? If so, under what circumstances?
• What moral issues does passive or active euthanasia raise? • Are any abuses possible?
top related