Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake.
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Chapter 4: Respiration
aka: Getting energy from the cake
Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake.
The plant takes the raw materials (CO2 & H2O), puts them together using energy (heat), & synthesize the cake.
In order to get the energy out of the cake, the plant & us must ingest it (eat), digest it (break it down into its monomers) & then we must “burn it” to release the energy stored in the bonds of the cake.
THIS IS RESPIRATION
Relationship between photosynthesis and Respiration video
How do we get the energy out of the food that we have consumed?
Cellular Respiration Is the process by which organisms obtain the energy that they need by releasing the chemical energy (ATP) stored in nutrients (Glucose) It can occur with oxygen: AerobicOr without oxygen: Anaerobic
The route from food to energy
Goes through Glycolysis
Then
With oxygenAerobic RespirationMakes a lot
of ATP
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
GLUCOSE
Two Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration – needs oxygen to release the energy in food
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP
Anaerobic Respiration – can release the energy from food without the need of oxygen. (Some bacteria & yeast)
C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2 Ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP
C6H12O6 Lactic acid + 2ATP
All cells begin with the Anaerobic phase of Respiration called Glycolysis
1. Glycolysis Glen
Glucose (6 Carbons) is broken down into 2 Pyruvate(3 Carbons each) molecules but needed 2 ATP (activation energy) to get the reaction started
Produces 4 ATP, netting 2 ATP2 ATP
2ADP + P 2ATP
After Glycolysis, if no oxygen is present, then, Anaerobic Respiration occurs Also known as Fermentation
Occurs in the cytoplasm of yeast & some bacterial cells
Since the organism are very small & simple, they do not need much ATP.
2 ATP per molecule of glucose is plenty.
Cytoplasm
Fermentation
The 2 Pyruvic Acids will break down into:
1. Alcohol + CO2 (if yeast & some bacteria)
C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2 Ethanol + 2 ATP
2. Lactic Acid (some bacteria)
C6H12O6 Lactic acid + 2ATP
Both forms will not produce
any more ATP molecules
Uses for Fermentation Yeast & some bacteria
Alcoholic Fermentation is used in baking, wine making & brewing industry
Bacteria
Lactic acid production is used in cheese processing, buttermilk, sour cream, yogurt, sauerkraut, pickles. The souring of dairy products is actually the production of lactic acid by anaerobic bacteria
Aerobic Respiration
Occurs in the Mitochondria of Eukaryotic cells
Yields more ATP per molecule of glucose (38 molecules) of ATP/Glucose
Occurs in 3 basic steps:1. Glycolysis2. Krebs Cycle3. Electron Transport chain
1.GlycolysisUsing 2 ATP as activation energy, a glucose molecule is broken down into 2 Pyruvate molecules. 4 ATP are produced, leaving 2 ATP netted Occurs in cytoplasm (just like anaerobic respiration)
2.Krebs Cycle – in the Mitochondria, the 2 pyruvates are broken down, releasing 6CO2 & producing 2 ATP
3.Electron Transport Chain – Oxygen (the final electron acceptor) combines with hydrogen to produce WATER
34 ATP are produced
Krebs Cycle – releases all the Carbons, Hydrogens and oxygen from the Pyruvate molecules
2 Carbon Dioxides
Carbon Dioxide
Energy Tally from Aerobic Respiration
34 ATP
38 ATP
Muscle Fatigue You are a big organism & need a lot of ATP to keep you fueled.
At times though, you may not be breathing correctly & therefore, aren’t taking in enough O2 to remain an aerobic organism.
During this time, your body (muscle cells) convert to anaerobic respiration to give you some ATP.
Hey 2 ATP are better than none!
Lactic acid accumulates in your muscle cells, acid burns the cells, causing you to cramp up & thus stop your activity & breathe normally
Feel the burn!!!!
Section 4.4 Review—Part A
Where does glycolysis take place?
What goes into glycolysis? What comes out of glycolysis?
When does fermentation occur?
What are the two different types of fermentation?
Cytoplasm of all cells
IN: Glucose OUT: 2 ATP & 2, 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate
When oxygen is not present
Lactic acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation
Aerobic Respiration
Occurs _______glycolysis
Only in __
Requires _________ _________ process
Takes place inside the
_____________
the presence of oxygen
Aerobic
after
oxygen
Mitochondria
Where does aerobic respiration happen?
In the mitochondria! _______________ are organelles that convert
the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Mitochondria
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration1.Kreb’s cycle
oPyruvate is broken down and released as ________ in a series of energy-extracting reactions 2 ATP are generated
CO2
In: 2 Pyruvates
Out: 2 CO2 & 2 ATP
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration
2.__________ ___________ ________oUses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATP
o _____________ are produced
Electron transport chain
34 ATP
In: O2
OUT: H2O + 34ATPMOST ATP are
produced in the ELECTON
TRANSPORT CHAIN
Section 4.4 Review—Part B1. Where does aerobic respiration take place?
2. What goes into the Kreb’s cycle? What comes out?
3. What goes into electron transport? What comes out?
4. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Mitochondria
IN: 3 carbon molecule OUT: ATP, CO2
IN: Oxygen OUT: Water and ATP!!!
Reactants of one are basically the products of the other
1.What are the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration, and how many ATP’s are created with each?
2.What is the “fuel” that allows cellular respiration to begin?
3.How is Glycolysis different than Krebs and E.T.C.?
4.Why do humans not depend as much on Glycolysis for energy?
5.Muscle pain after a workout is a result of the buildup of what substance?
RESPIRATION REVIEW
Glycolosis -2 ATP Kreb’s Cycle – 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain – 34 ATP
Glucose
Glycolosis take place in the cytoplasm. Krebs and ETC in the mitochondria
Only produces 2 ATP
Lactic Acid
Consider a person who runs a 5K. Afterward, he is breathing heavily because he is oxygen deficient. He is complaining of weak legs and is sweating profusely.
6. Because he is low in oxygen, what will accumulate in his muscles? 7. Breathing heavily allows more oxygen to be taken in. What is the role of oxygen?
8. Breathing heavily also allows excess CO2 to be removed. What process forms the CO2?
9. Sweat helps keep the body cool. How are sweating and ATP related?
10. What is the waste product of E.T.C.?
11. What do you think the FIRST thing this runner will do after he finishes the race?
RESPIRATION SCENERIO
Lactic acid_
Pick up hydrogen atoms
Krebs Cycle
ATP produces heat and sweat cools the body
Water
Drink water
Light energy chemical energy
Chloroplasts
Water + CO2
+ LightOxygen + Sugar
Water + CO2
+ ATPOxygen + Sugar
Water + CO2 + Light
Oxygen + Sugar
Oxygen + SugarWater + CO2 + ATP
Cytoplasm + Mitochondria
Sugar ATP
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? The reactants of one reaction are the
products of the other reaction. They are the reverse processes of each other
Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY Photosynthesis
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