Chapter 31 Lesson 1 Notes The Rise of Fascism Following World War I MussoliniHitlerFranco.

Chapter 31 Lesson 1 Notes

The Rise of Fascism Following World War I

Mussolini Hitler Franco

Fascism

chauvinistic1. (extremely nationalistic)

militaristic 2. (glorifies in war)

totalitarian3. (dictatorial)

4. The term, fascism, comes from an ancient

Roman symbol that has always represented

authority

5. The symbol, the fasces, is represented by a bundle of wooden sticks wrapped together that included a bronze ax tied on one side.

6. hatred for democracybecause this form of government is…

7. based on citizens’

unalienable rights of

life,

liberty, and the

pursuit of happiness

8. hatred for communismbecause this form of government is:

9. based on noseparation of classes;instead, supported a world-wide “dictatorship of the proletariat” (the working class); not chauvinistic; not even nationalistic b/c support comes from all workers, no matter where they live

10. Fascism is a separation of classes; support comes from the upper & middle classes, esp. industrialists

ITALY’S BENITO MUSSOLINI

1. 1st fascist leader in Europe taking the title, “il Duce” (“the leader” in Italian), by 1925

4. established a 22-syndicate or “corporate state” to control a command economy

5. His legacy (what he’ll most be remembered for): “He made the trains run on time,” as he ruled as the “apostle of violence”

2. In 1922, he was appointed premier when his Black Shirts converged on Rome at one time to prevent a rumored coup by communists

3. He controlled the press, communications, and the Catholic Church, stressing education and military readiness

GERMANY’S ADOLF HITLER

1. took title, “der Fuhrer” (“the leader” in German), of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis) by 1923 as the 2nd fascist leader in Europe

2. wrote Mein Kampf while in prison for an attempted putsch (coup) in Munich, Germany; his book is an anti-Semitic guidebook, claiming Germans are the master race that he called Aryans

3. Hitler was named [German prime minister] chancellor in 1933 by President Hindenburg of the Weimar Republic

The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew.

Adolf HitlerMein Kampf

4. used Storm Troopers (his (private army) and the Gestapo (his secret police) to control society; adopted the swastika (the bent cross) as the Nazi symbol for good fortune, power, & strength

5. passed the Nuremberg Laws: Jews become scapegoats; ordered

Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass);

est. the 3rd Reich to last 1000 yrs.; he planned to take E. Europe for his Aryans’ living space called Lebensraum, including the Slavs of the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union; formerly Russia)

6. dictatorial powers were given to Hitler by the Enabling Act; he made extensive use of concentration camps run by the SS, the Schutzstaffel

SPAIN’S FRANCISCO FRANCO

1. became known as “el Caudillo” (“the leader” in Spanish) of the Falange Party, the 3rd and last fascist party and ruler in Europe

2. Came to power as result of a 3-year civil war (1936 – 1939) between the Spanish republic and its ally, the International Brigade of volunteers versus Franco’s fascist army; the fascists won

3. Mussolini and Hitler use Spain’s 3-year civil war as a testing ground for their improved weapons of destruction

4. Spain is regarded as a neutral country during WW II just as it was in WW I because this time Spain is devastated by civil war; but because Franco gives aid and comfort to his fascist allies during WW II, Spain becomes known as a non-neutral,

non-belligerent