CHAPTER 3 Communities and Biomes

CHAPTER 3COMMUNITIES AND BIOMES

Y O U W I L L I D E N T I F Y F A C T O R S T H A T L I M I T T H E E X I S T E N C E O F S P E C I E S T O C E R T A I N A R E A S .Y O U W I L L D E S C R I B E H O W A N D W H Y D I F F E R E N T C O M M U N I T I E S F O R M . Y O U W I L L C O M P A R E A N D C O N T R A S T B I O M E S O F T H E P L A N E T E A R T H

LIVING IN THE COMMUNITYAS THE WORLD TURNSCommunities are interacting populations of different species. Abiotic and biotic factors interact and result in conditions that

are suitable for life for some organisms and unsuitable for other organisms

Biotic - living factors

Abiotic factors - nonliving things

LIMITING FACTORSENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT AN ORGANISM’S ABILITY TO SURVIVE ITS ENVIRONMENT.---- FOOD

---- PREDATORS---- TEMPERATURE

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distributions of organisms.

RANGE OF TOLERANCEThe ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic an

abiotic environmental factors. For example: A range of temperatures A difference of soil types Amount of sunlight Elevation

SUCCESSIONChanges over time Orderly, natural changes Species replacements that take place in the communities of an

ecosystem.

STAGES OF SUCCESSIONDifferent species at different stages create conditions that are

suitable for some organisms and not suitable for others. Two types of succession: --------- Primary succession --------- Secondary succession

PRIMARY SUCCESSIONCOLONIZATION OF NEW SITES BY COMMUNITIES OF ORGANISMS.First species in an area are called pioneer plants Example: Lichen A stable mature community that undergoes little or no change

in species is a climax community

SECONDARY SUCCESSIONCommunity changes that take place after a community is

disrupted by natural disasters or human actions Lightning or flood Farmer abandoning a field

ECOSYSTEMS THAT HAVE SIMILIAR KINDS OF CLIMAX COMMUNITIES.

LAND BIOMES: TERRESTRIAL BIOMESLAKE, STREAMS, OCEANS: AQUATIC BIOMES

AQUATIC BIOMESLIFE IN THE WATERMarine BiomesSeparate marine biomes into: Shallow Sunlit zones Photic zone Deeper Unlighted zones Aphotic zone

Estuary: coastal body of water, partially surrounded by land, in which freshwater and saltwater mix.

MARINE BIOMETHE EFFECTS OF TIDES TWICE A DAYIntertidal zone: The portion of the shoreline that lies between

the high and low tides. Tide pools: Pools of water left when the water recedes at low

tide, vary greatly in nutrients and oxygen levels from the ocean.

Much light but organisms have to contend with the crashing of waves.

THE MOON PHASES AND TIDES

TERRESTRIAL BIOMES

Temperature and precipitation influence the kind of climatic community that develops in parts of the world. Longitude, latitude and elevation also have an effect of the climatic community.

KEY TERMSClimax community Limiting factor Primary succession Secondary

succession Aphotic zone Biome Desert Estuary Grassland

Tundra Permafrost Photic zone

Plankton Taiga Temperate forest Tropical rain forest Intertidal zone