Chapter 29

Chapter 29Chapter 29

““Wilsonian Progressivism at Home Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroadand Abroad””

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Republicans split between re-nominating Republicans split between re-nominating Taft and bringing back TRTaft and bringing back TR

Republicans afraid of the aggressive Republicans afraid of the aggressive nature of TR agree on Taftnature of TR agree on Taft

TR upset by the snub starts his own TR upset by the snub starts his own political Party – The Progressive Bull political Party – The Progressive Bull Moose PartyMoose Party

Bull Moose PartyBull Moose Party

New NationalismNew Nationalism More government involvementMore government involvement Bigger increase in militaryBigger increase in military More intervention in Latin AmericaMore intervention in Latin America

TheAnti-Third-Term

Principle

TheAnti-Third-Term

Principle

Progressive Party Platform

Progressive Party PlatformWomenWomen’’s suffrage.s suffrage.

Graduated income tax.Graduated income tax.

Inheritance tax for the rich.Inheritance tax for the rich.

Lower tariffs.Lower tariffs.

Limits on campaign Limits on campaign spending.spending.

Currency reform.Currency reform.

Minimum wage laws.Minimum wage laws.

Social insurance.Social insurance.

Abolition of child labor.Abolition of child labor.

WorkmenWorkmen’’s compensation.s compensation.

NNeeww

NNaattiioonnaalliissmm

NNeeww

NNaattiioonnaalliissmm

The Socialist Party & Eugene V. Debs

The Socialist Party & Eugene V. Debs

The issue is Socialism The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I for Socialism because I am for humanity.am for humanity.

Election of 1912Election of 1912 Woodrow Wilson easily won with Woodrow Wilson easily won with

435 Electoral votes, while TR 435 Electoral votes, while TR had 88 and Taft only had 8, but had 88 and Taft only had 8, but the Democrat received 41% of the Democrat received 41% of the popular vote.the popular vote.

Wilson, a virtual unknown is able Wilson, a virtual unknown is able to win the election because of to win the election because of the split in the Republican Partythe split in the Republican Party

Wilson becomes a minority Wilson becomes a minority president president

Socialist Eugene V. Debs Socialist Eugene V. Debs compiled over 900,000 compiled over 900,000 popular votes, while the popular votes, while the combined popular totals of combined popular totals of TR and Taft exceeded TR and Taft exceeded WilsonWilson

The “Seas” [of Opportunity]

Open Up for the Democrats

The “Seas” [of Opportunity]

Open Up for the Democrats

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Dr. Woodrow WilsonDr. Woodrow Wilson

Strong Progressive DemocratStrong Progressive Democrat Former President of PrincetonFormer President of Princeton Former reform governor of New JerseyFormer reform governor of New Jersey Born in GeorgiaBorn in Georgia Only the 2Only the 2ndnd Democratic President since 1861 Democratic President since 1861

(other was Cleveland)(other was Cleveland) Son of a Presbyterian ministerSon of a Presbyterian minister Eloquent, well spoken, religious, arrogant and Eloquent, well spoken, religious, arrogant and

intolerant of stupidity.intolerant of stupidity.

Dr. Woodrow WilsonDr. Woodrow Wilson

WilsonWilson’’s s ““New FreedomNew Freedom”” New FreedomNew Freedom - favored small enterprise, desired to break up - favored small enterprise, desired to break up allall

trusts—not just the bad ones—and basically shunned social-trusts—not just the bad ones—and basically shunned social-welfare proposals.welfare proposals.

Assault on the Triple Wall of PrivilegeAssault on the Triple Wall of Privilege 1.1. TariffTariff

2.2. BanksBanks

3.3. TrustsTrusts

Wilson set a president by personally addressing Congress. Broke Wilson set a president by personally addressing Congress. Broke the tradition set by Jefferson that the president sends a written State the tradition set by Jefferson that the president sends a written State of the Unionof the Union

Attack on TariffAttack on Tariff

Progressives wanted to lower the tariff.Progressives wanted to lower the tariff. Underwood Tariff BillUnderwood Tariff Bill passed which passed which

substantially reduced import fees and substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax (under enacted a graduated income tax (under the approval of the recent 16th the approval of the recent 16th Amendment).Amendment).

Attack on BankingAttack on Banking Banking system had not changed since Civil WarBanking system had not changed since Civil War Problem was an inelastic Currency – inability to increase Problem was an inelastic Currency – inability to increase

or decrease amount of money in circulationor decrease amount of money in circulation Federal Reserve Act of 1913Federal Reserve Act of 1913 passed passed Created a federal reserve bank in Washington DC. Created a federal reserve bank in Washington DC.

Members appointed by presidentMembers appointed by president Federal Reserve Board regulates the amount of money Federal Reserve Board regulates the amount of money

in circulation by raising and lowering the interest ratein circulation by raising and lowering the interest rate Arguably the most important piece of legislation passed Arguably the most important piece of legislation passed

by United States Congressby United States Congress

Federal Reserve BanksFederal Reserve Banks

$500 Bill$500 Bill

$1,000 Bill$1,000 Bill

$5,000 Bill$5,000 Bill

$10,000 Bill$10,000 Bill

$100,000 Bill$100,000 Bill

Attack on TrustsAttack on Trusts Wilson wanted to break up all trustsWilson wanted to break up all trusts Federal Trade Commission Act - Federal Trade Commission Act - of 1914 passed of 1914 passed

which empowered a presidentially appointed position which empowered a presidentially appointed position to investigate the activities of trusts and stop unfair to investigate the activities of trusts and stop unfair trade practices such as unlawful competition, false trade practices such as unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, & bribery. advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, & bribery.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act - Clayton Anti-Trust Act - lengthened the Sherman lengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust ActAnti-Trust Act’’s list of practices that were s list of practices that were objectionable, exempted labor unions from being objectionable, exempted labor unions from being called trusts (as they had been called by the Supreme called trusts (as they had been called by the Supreme Court under the Sherman Act), and legalized strikes Court under the Sherman Act), and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members.and peaceful picketing by labor union members.

Magna Carta of laborMagna Carta of labor

Wilson and Foreign AffairsWilson and Foreign Affairs

Ended TaftEnded Taft’’s dollar diplomacys dollar diplomacy When disorder broke out in Haiti When disorder broke out in Haiti

in 1915, Wilson sent American in 1915, Wilson sent American Marines.Marines.

In 1916, he sent marines to quell In 1916, he sent marines to quell violence in the Dominican violence in the Dominican Republic.Republic.

Wilson and MexicoWilson and Mexico In 1913 Mexico revolted and installed General Victorian Huerta to the In 1913 Mexico revolted and installed General Victorian Huerta to the

presidency.presidency. Wilson would not recognize the government of HuertaWilson would not recognize the government of Huerta American munitions flowed to HuertaAmerican munitions flowed to Huerta’’s rivals, Venustiano Carranza s rivals, Venustiano Carranza

and Francisco (and Francisco (““PanchoPancho””) Villa.) Villa. After a small party of American sailors were arrested in Tampico, After a small party of American sailors were arrested in Tampico,

Mexico, in 1914, Wilson threatened to use force, and even ordered Mexico, in 1914, Wilson threatened to use force, and even ordered the navy to take over Vera Cruz, drawing the ABC powers—the navy to take over Vera Cruz, drawing the ABC powers—Argentina, Brazil, and Chile—mediated the situation, and Huerta fell Argentina, Brazil, and Chile—mediated the situation, and Huerta fell from power and was succeeded by Carranza, who resented Wilsonfrom power and was succeeded by Carranza, who resented Wilson’’s s acts.acts.

Meanwhile, Meanwhile, ““PanchoPancho”” Villa, murdered 16 Americans in January 1916 Villa, murdered 16 Americans in January 1916 in Mexico and then killed 19 more a month later in New Mexico in Mexico and then killed 19 more a month later in New Mexico

Wilson sent General John J. Pershing to capture Villa, and he Wilson sent General John J. Pershing to capture Villa, and he penetrated deep into Mexico, clashed with Carranzapenetrated deep into Mexico, clashed with Carranza’’s and Villas and Villa’’s s different forces, but didndifferent forces, but didn’’t take Villa.t take Villa.

Beginning Of WWIBeginning Of WWIJune 28,1914June 28,1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his

wife are assassinated in Sarajevo. wife are assassinated in Sarajevo. July 28July 28 Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. July 31July 31 As an ally of Serbia, Russia announces full mobilization of her armed forces. As an ally of Serbia, Russia announces full mobilization of her armed forces. August 1August 1 Germany mobilizes her armed forces and declares war on Germany mobilizes her armed forces and declares war on RussiaRussia.. Photo: German soldiers celebrating start of war Photo: German soldiers celebrating start of war August 3August 3 Germany declares war on France. Germany declares war on France. August 4August 4 Germany Germany declares war on declares war on neutral Belgium and invades in a right flanking move neutral Belgium and invades in a right flanking move

designed to defeat France quickly. As a result of this invasion, Britain declares war on designed to defeat France quickly. As a result of this invasion, Britain declares war on Germany.Germany.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife in Sarejvo just Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife in Sarejvo just before being shotbefore being shot

Triple EntenteTriple Entente

The Triple Entente were the countries at war with the The Triple Entente were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I.Central Powers during World War I.

Russian EmpireRussian Empire FranceFrance British EmpireBritish Empire ItalyItaly Empire of JapanEmpire of Japan United StatesUnited States

Central PowersCentral Powers

Germany Germany Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary Ottoman EmpireOttoman EmpireBulgaria Bulgaria

America Earns Blood MoneyAmerica Earns Blood Money U.S. profited from the war by trading with both sides in U.S. profited from the war by trading with both sides in

the disputethe dispute Germany announced submarine warfare around the Germany announced submarine warfare around the

British Isles, warning the U.S. that it would not try to British Isles, warning the U.S. that it would not try to attack neutral ships but that mistakes would probably attack neutral ships but that mistakes would probably occur occur

Wilson thus warned that Germany would be held to Wilson thus warned that Germany would be held to ““strict accountabilitystrict accountability”” for any attacks on American for any attacks on American ships.ships.

Sinking of the LusitaniaSinking of the Lusitania Sinking of the Arabic – Arabic PledgeSinking of the Arabic – Arabic Pledge Sinking of the Sussex – Sussex PledgeSinking of the Sussex – Sussex Pledge

German SubmarineGerman Submarine

German Torpedo Hitting A British German Torpedo Hitting A British ShipShip

Sinking of the LusitaniaSinking of the Lusitania

LusitaniaLusitania

Coffins from the Lusitania hauled Coffins from the Lusitania hauled through Queenstownthrough Queenstown

Election of 1916Election of 1916 Democrats – WilsonDemocrats – Wilson

““He kept us out of warHe kept us out of war”” PreparednessPreparedness

Republicans – Charles Evans HughesRepublicans – Charles Evans Hughes

Wilson barely beat Hughes, with a vote of 277 to 254, Wilson barely beat Hughes, with a vote of 277 to 254, with the final result dependent on results from with the final result dependent on results from California, and even though Wilson didnCalifornia, and even though Wilson didn’’t specifically t specifically promise to keep America out of war, enough people promise to keep America out of war, enough people felt that he did to vote for him.felt that he did to vote for him.

Strong support from the working classStrong support from the working class

Election of 1916Election of 1916