Chapter 2: Antacids. Why do we need antacids? Your body needs hydrochloric acid to digest food. Too much acid can cause heartburn and ulcers and can damage.
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Why do we need antacids?
Your body needs hydrochloric acid to digest food.
Too much acid can cause heartburn and ulcers and can damage your esophagus.
Antacids versus Acid Inhibitors
Acid InhibitorsAntacids
Neutralizes the acid currently in your system
Controls the production of acid in your body
There are two types of medicines you can use
Work quickly but your body can make more acid again
Long-term solution, but needs to build up in your
system to be most effective
Alka-Seltzer ®, Rolaids ®, Tums ®, Malox ®, Mylanta ®
Tagamat ®, Zantac ®, Pepcid AC ®
Is it fair when a commercial compares the fast action of an antacid to an acid inhibitor that takes up to 7 days to build up?
Classification of Matter
Matter
Pure Substances
Mixtures
Element CompoundHomogeneous
(Solutions)Heterogeneous
Matter
Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space.
It is classified as either a pure substance or a mixture
Pure Substances versus Mixtures
MixturesPure Substances
Every piece of matter is exactly the
same
More than one type of substance mixed
together
Matter
Elements versus Compounds
CompoundElements
Every atom is the same type of atom
More than one type of atom chemically bonded together. Every molecule is
the same.
Pure substances are either elements or compounds.
Elements
• A pure substance!•Every atom is the same type.•Elements can be found on the periodic table.
Element
Single AtomCannot be broken down by chemical or physical processes to form anything else!
Compounds
•A pure substance!•Every molecule of a compound is the same.
Compound
Single Molecule
Made of more than one type of atom (that is, more than 1 element) bonded together.
Can be broken down into its elements by chemical reactions only
Mixtures
HeterogeneousHomogeneous
•It looks the same throughout
•Also called a solution.
Different matter can be seen (chunks, bubbles, floaties,
layers, etc.)
Mixtures can be classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Mixtures
•Not a pure substance!•A physical combination – no chemical bonds between substances
Mixture
More than 1 type of pure substance
Can be separated through physical means – a chemical reaction is NOT necessary.
Mixture possibilities
Mixtures can be any combination of solids, liquids and gases:Solid-solid: medicine tablet, alloy.Solid-gas: smogSolid-liquid: salt waterLiquid-liquid: lemon water, vinegar.Gas-Liquid: carbonated water, sea water.Gas-Gas: air
True solutions, Colloids & Suspensions
ColloidTrue Solution
Particles don’t settle out and are
too small to scatter light
Particles don’t settle out but are large enough to
scatter light
Suspension
Particles will settle out over time
Dissolved Particle Size Increases
Particles Scattering LightIf the dissolved particles are large enough
to scatter light, we say it exhibits the “Tyndall Effect”
SolutionLight passes through unchanged
Colloids exhibit the Tyndall EffectLight is scattered by larger solute particles
Connect these concepts with Antacids
What type of matter do you think antacids are?Pure substance (Element or compound)Mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous)
Connect these concepts with Antacids
Antacids are mixtures.They contain active & inactive ingredientsWhat purposes could the inactive
ingredients serve?
Connect these concepts with Antacids
Inactive ingredients mightAdd enough volume to make the pill able to be
handeledAdd colorAdd flavorAllow the tablet to be compressed and formed
Let’s Practice
Tin foilExample:Determine if
each is element,
compound, homogeneous
or heterogeneous
mixtures
Copper pipe
Concrete
Carbon tetrachloride
Sports drink
Let’s Practice
ElementTin foilExample:Determine if
each is element,
compound, homogeneous
or heterogeneous
mixtures
ElementCopper pipe
Heterogeneous mixConcrete
CompoundCarbon tetrachloride
Homogenous mixSports drink
Physical Separation of MixturesSubstances in a mixture are separated by physical
processes. These are based on differences in the physical properties of the substances.
1. Manual separation is used to separate substances based on differences in color, shape, or size.
2. Siphoning is used to separate oil
& water. Oil & water can be separated because of differences in density.
Physical Separation of Mixtures (cont.)
3. Using a magnet can separate out metals that are attracted to a magnet.
4. Substances, like table salt, that are soluble in water can be separated from other solids (for example, sand) by simply making a solution.
Physical Separation of Mixtures (cont.)
5. Filtration uses a screen or filter (any porous barrier) to separate the differently-sized substances in a heterogeneous mixture. Smaller particles (like slat and water) will pass through but larger ones (like the sand) will be trapped by a filter.
Physical Separation of Mixtures
6. The salt can then be separated from the water by distillation. Distillation is a technique that separates the components of solutions based on differences in their boiling points.
Physical Separation of Mixtures (cont.)7. In paper
chromatography, a mixture of substances will separate out on paper primarily due to the tendency of each to be attracted to and travel across the surface of another material.
Physical Separation of Mixtures
8. Crystallization is a separation technique for solutions that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance.
In rock candy, for example, as water evaporates from a sugar water solution, the solution becomes more concentrated. The amount of water present cannot keep all the sugar in the solution dissolved. The sugar therefore crystallizes on the string.
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