Transcript
Chapter 18The New Deal
Democratic candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt easily
defeated Hoover in the election of 1932. FDR
promised a “ New Deal”
“First of all, let me assert my
firm belief that the only thing we
have to fear is fear itself”
• A New Style of Leadership
``````````````````````` The New Deal
• The New Deal was not based on a clear strategy shaped by a single philosophy. He was not an intellectual—he was just a practical politician. FDR was willing to try a variety of approaches to see what worked.
• But the New Deal did change the role of government. It made the government responsible for managing the economy.
• This was the beginning of Big Government
First Hundred Days
• He pushed through Congress legislation in his first hundred days that would try and solve the depression--setting a precedent for all other presidents to follow.
Fire-side Chats
• Within the first week of being in office he called for a Bank Holiday—closed all banks. He then ordered the National Treasury Department print millions of dollars to be sent to the banks. He spoke to the American people via the radio and assured them that it was now safe to put their money back into the banks. When the banks opened the day after the speech, deposits far out weighed withdrawals. The banking crisis was over.
• DFR, by Executive Order, outlawed the Gold Standard—wanted people to use paper money—Fiat money
The New Deal can be classified into 3 categories:
• Relief—short term action to help people right immediately
• Recovery—measures designed to restore the economy
• Reform—measures aimed at remedying or fixing defects
• http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/831435AA-4BF5-49F0-9E24-7ABC0E76B02A
1.Relief—short term action
• Tennessee Valley Authority-built 21 government-owned dams along the Tennessee river, controlling floods and producing electricity.
Civil Conservation Corps (CCC)—paid young men to plant trees, build roads, clear
forests-men lived in camps and received free food-sent $$ home
• Public Works Administration-PWA-created jobs to build public projects , such as schools, roads, courts, post offices and bridges
• Works Progress Administration (WPA) created federal jobs— by hiring artists, writers, and musicians to paint murals, produce plays and create artwork
2.Recovery-measures restore the economy
• National Recovery Act (NRA) –asked businesses to set prices, production limits and wages. The Supreme Court found this Unconstitutional
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)-passed to help farmers, raised prices, the government bought surplus crops. Paid farmers to plant less or not plant at all—Supreme Court declared this unconstitutional as well.
3.Reform-measures aimed at remedying or fixing defects
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)-insured bank deposits—restored confidence
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)-created to oversee the stock market and prevent another collapse
• Social Security Act—provided workers unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and death benefits. It was the most important act of the New Deal.
• National Labor Relations Act-Wagner Act-gave workers the right to form unions
Court Packing Scheme-• Because FDR feared the Supreme Court would
rule more of his programs unconstitutional, he asked that 6 more judges be added—not a popular idea!!
Impact of the New Deal
• Power of the Federal government increased dramatically
Important Women
• Eleanor Roosevelt Francis Perkins-1st • women Sec. of Labor
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