Chapter 17 A Maturing Industrial Society
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Chapter 17 A Maturing Industrial Chapter 17 A Maturing Industrial SocietySociety
Between end of Civil War Between end of Civil War and 1920, the U.S. changed and 1920, the U.S. changed
from being mostly an from being mostly an agricultural society to the agricultural society to the leading industrial power in leading industrial power in
the world.the world.
Causes of IndustrializationCauses of Industrialization
►Civil WarCivil War►Natural resourcesNatural resources► ImmigrationImmigration►New inventionsNew inventions► Improved transportation - marketsImproved transportation - markets►Government policiesGovernment policies
Natural resourcesNatural resources
► Oil, coal,ironOil, coal,iron
ImmigrationImmigration
► Supplies work force for factoriesSupplies work force for factories
CapitalismCapitalism
► Encourages invention and innovationEncourages invention and innovation► LLCLLC
Thomas EdisonThomas Edison
► Menlo ParkMenlo Park► Harnessing of Harnessing of
electricityelectricity LightbulbsLightbulbs streetcarsstreetcars
Other important inventions of Other important inventions of the time:the time:
► CameraCamera► TelegraphTelegraph► TypewriterTypewriter► RadioRadio► AirplaneAirplane► X-Ray machineX-Ray machine
► ReaperReaper► Sewing MachineSewing Machine► PhonographPhonograph► Moving picturesMoving pictures► Internal combustion Internal combustion
engineengine
RailroadsRailroads
Government policiesGovernment policies
►Protective tariffsProtective tariffs►Laissez - faireLaissez - faire
The Rise of Big BusinessThe Rise of Big Business
The rise of corporationsThe rise of corporations
►Owned by shareholdersOwned by shareholders►Limited liabilityLimited liability
Business practices lead to Business practices lead to monopoliesmonopolies
► Horizontal and Horizontal and vertical integrationvertical integration
► Price warsPrice wars
John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller
► Standard OilStandard Oil► Created a monopolyCreated a monopoly► Amassed enormous Amassed enormous
personal fortunepersonal fortune
Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie
► Scottish ImmigrantScottish Immigrant► US SteelUS Steel► Believer in “Social Believer in “Social
Darwinism”Darwinism”► Amassed enormous Amassed enormous
personal fortunepersonal fortune► Gave most of his Gave most of his
money to charitymoney to charity
Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism
►Fittest, strongest businesses (and Fittest, strongest businesses (and workers) surviveworkers) survive
►Govt. should NOT interfereGovt. should NOT interfere►Laissez fareLaissez fare►Changed view of rich and poorChanged view of rich and poor
Rich – earned God’s favorRich – earned God’s favor Poor – lazy, inferior, deserved their Poor – lazy, inferior, deserved their
fatefate
Robber BaronsRobber Baronsoror
Captains of Industry?Captains of Industry?
Disparity of WealthDisparity of Wealth
Government RegulationGovernment Regulation
► Interstate Commerce CommissionInterstate Commerce Commission►Sherman Antitrust ActSherman Antitrust Act
The Organized Labor The Organized Labor MovementMovement
►shift from skilled to unskilled shift from skilled to unskilled laborlabor
►long hours, low pay, no sense of long hours, low pay, no sense of achievementachievement
►work force now included women, work force now included women, childrenchildren
Labor Unions begin to form – Labor Unions begin to form – goals are to improve pay goals are to improve pay and working conditionsand working conditions
► NLUNLU► Knights of LaborKnights of Labor► AFLAFL
Skilled workersSkilled workers Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers Collective bargainingCollective bargaining
► ARUARU Eugene DebsEugene Debs
► IWWIWW Big Bill HaywoodBig Bill Haywood SocialistsSocialists
Haymarket Square RiotHaymarket Square Riot
► 8 hour day8 hour day► Chicago, 1866Chicago, 1866► Anarchists – bomb - Anarchists – bomb -
policemanpoliceman► Led to public Led to public
mistrust of unionsmistrust of unions
Homestead StrikeHomestead Strike
► SteelworkersSteelworkers► Frick hires Frick hires
PinkertonsPinkertons► Anarchists try to kill Anarchists try to kill
FrickFrick► Strike called offStrike called off
Pullman StrikePullman Strike
► American Railway American Railway Union – Eugene Union – Eugene DebsDebs
► 300,000 workers 300,000 workers nationwidenationwide
► Sherman Anti-trust Sherman Anti-trust ActAct
► Debs imprisonedDebs imprisoned
Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs
► Socialist candidate Socialist candidate for President 5 for President 5 timestimes
► Jailed following Jailed following Pullman strikePullman strike
Socialists – believe that Socialists – believe that capitalism causes rich to get capitalism causes rich to get richer, poor to get poorer.richer, poor to get poorer.
► wanted govt. wanted govt. control of control of business and business and propertyproperty
► equal distribution equal distribution of wealthof wealth
Women in LaborWomen in Labor
Mother JonesMother Jones
Pauline NewmanPauline Newman
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