Chapter 16

Chapter 16

Transformation of the West1450-1750

The Protestant Reformation1517 – ca.1564

How and why are these two churches different?

Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman CatholicThe [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic ChurchPeople like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

100 Years War and Black DeathScientific Advances which contradicted the ChurchThe Corruption within the Catholic Church

Martin Luther- 1517• German monk• Questioned Churches

practices– Sale of indulgences by

Johann Tetzel building a church

• “ selling forgiveness for sins”– Automatic trip to heaven in

after-life

“The righteous shall by his faith.”

Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

95 Theses

• Luther was so upset at church he decided to write down the 95 Theses (95 things church is doing wrong) and nails them to the church in Wittenberg (Germany)

How did this become such a big deal?

• effect of the printing press –spread ideas faster

• Opened people’s eyes to church malpractices

Martin Luther

• “Faith Alone” will save you• All should read the Bible in their own

vernacular (language)• Priests do not have special powers• Simplify the sacraments to baptism and

communion• Religious Education for all.

Church’s Reaction

• Want Martin Luther to recant (take back) what he said at Diet of Worms.

– Diet – group/assembly

– Worms is a place in Germany

Luther says NO!!!!!!!!!!

Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir. Amen.“

("Here I stand. I can do nothing else. God help me. Amen.")

He is excommunicated from church and forced into hiding for the rest of his life

John Calvin - Calvinism

• French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland

• “Faith Alone” saves you• The Bible holds the truth• Religious Education• PREDESTINATION - God has

already decided who is saved/condemned.

Henry VIII of England

• Wished to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn

• Pope refused to grant it• Henry declares himself

head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534

• In America we call this the Anglican Church

The Wives of Henry VIII

Anne BoleynCatherine Howard

Catherine Parr

Anne of ClevesJane Seymour Catherine of Aragon

PuritanHugeunots

Presbyterian

Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

When the Dust Settles:Catholicism vs. Protestantism

• Scripture interpreted by wisdom

• Good Works and Faith• 7 Sacraments

• Stick with Latin• Clergy must be celibate and

chaste• Purgatory is real• Honour Saints

• Scripture as you read it• Faith Alone• 2 Sacraments- Eucharist,

Baptism• Language of the people• Clergy could marry

• Go to Heaven or Hell• Criticized Honouring Saints

Protestant Reformation leads directly to:

• 1. Thirty Years War- Holy Roman Empire vs. German Protestant Princes. Ends with Treaty of Westphalia.

• 2. English Civil War- Catholic King Charles I beheaded by Parliament under Oliver Cromwell.