Chapter 10

Food For Life

Nutrition: branch of science that studies food and how the body uses it◦ Nutrition is important for normal growth in the

body

Malnutrition: nutrients missing from diet and/or too many or too few nutrients◦ Malnutrition often occurs in people who have high

levels of sickness and disability◦ May die or suffer from brain damage

1. Carbohydrates: starches and sugars which supply energy ex. pasta, bread etc.

2. Proteins: build tissue, regulate chemical activity and provide energy, ex. meat, eggs etc.

3. Fats: provide energy, act as insulation, absorb fat soluble vitamins, component of nerve and brain cells, enable cells to function ex. butter, oil

4. Vitamins: help carry out growth and reproduction ex. A, B, C, D, K

5. Minerals: structural component of body tissues ex. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, iodine

6. Water: aides in removing waste, moves nutrients, controls body temperature

Diet: amount and type of food you eat each day

Mixed diet: a diet that contains a variety of foods

Diet guidelines: variety; eat whole grain cereal, bread, fruit, veggies, low fat diary, lean meat, little fat; limit salt, sugar, be physically active

Fad diet: diet craze ex. Cabbage diet, grapefruit diet, Atkins diet, Juice/Shake diet

Usually limits one or more of the food groups Vegetarian: someone who does not eat

animal products Bulking up: Consuming too much protein

causes dehydration because it takes extra water to eliminate the excess protein from the body

Advertisements Preparation Directions Nutritional Information

Mechanical: teeth chew food and stomach churns food together

Chemical: enzymes break food down using enzymes ex. Cheeseburger into carbs, proteins, fats etc.

Absorption: transporting digested products (carbs, proteins tec.) into the blood and then to cells

• Teeth: chew food, saliva helps to break down carbs

• Stomach: mixes food with gastric juices to forn a pasty fluid called chyme, occurs in an acidic environment, enzymes break down protein

• Small Intestine: digestion is completed and absorption into blood occurs

• Enzymes break carbs into simple sugars (glucose)

Enzymes split proteins into amino acids Bile breaks down fat particles which are

then digested by enzymes Large intestine: transfers water, minerals,

vitamins into the blood and stores waste in the form of feces (excreted by the anus)

Your body depends on you to fuel it with a good balance of nutrients at regular intervals

Choosing too many fats causes several problems:◦ Your body has to work harder to digest fats◦ High fat diets cause fatigue and lack of energy◦ Cholesterol from fatty foods blocks arteries