Chapter 1: The Science of Life/Biology 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS (Organisms) 2.

•Chapter 1: The Science of

Life/Biology

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CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS (Organisms)LIVING THINGS (Organisms)

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGSCHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

1. All living things are made up of cells2. They can be grouped by the number of cells they

have.• UnicellularUnicellular – organisms that are made of only

one cell• MulticellularMulticellular – organisms that are made of more

than one cell• ColonialColonial – unicellular organisms that live in a

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGSCHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

2. Reproduce to produce new organisms

Types of Reproduction

Sexual reproductionSexual reproduction – two parents to produce a new organism

Asexual reproductionAsexual reproduction – 1 parent to produce a new organism

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3. All living things use a common 3. All living things use a common genetic codegenetic code

• All living organisms use the same language to pass genetic info on to offspring.

• DNA & RNA contain the code.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGSCHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

4. All living things Grow, Develop and Age

GrowthGrowth – some cells get larger and other new cells are added

DevelopmentDevelopment – cells and body parts becomespecialized for certain jobs

AgingAging – cells and body parts become damaged and cannot be repaired

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGSCHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

5. All living things Obtain and Use Energy from Environment

Some Important Terms About Energy Use

Anabolism Anabolism – process of making complex substances from simpler substances

CatabolismCatabolism – breaking down complex substances into simpler substances

MetabolismMetabolism – sum of all of the chemical reactions of an organism

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGSCHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

5. (cont.)Obtain and Use Energy from Environment

AutotrophAutotroph – organism that can make its own food from it’s environment

HeterotrophHeterotroph – organism that has to obtain its energy from another organism

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGSCHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

6. All Living Things Respond to the Environment

Terms that explain Response to Environment

StimulusStimulus – anything in the environment that causes a reaction from an organism

ReflexReflex – automatic response to a stimulus

BehaviorBehavior – learned or inherited response to a stimulus

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7. All Living Things Maintain a stable internal 7. All Living Things Maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis)environment (homeostasis)

Examples :

1. when you’re hot, your body ________ to cool off

2. When you need water, you experience a sensation called ___________.

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When your When your body gets toobody gets too warm due to warm due to

activity or stress,activity or stress,you will sweatyou will sweat

to cool it down.to cool it down.

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8. As a group, living things change over time.8. As a group, living things change over time.

• This is called Evolution

• Individuals do not evolve, groups do!

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What is Science?What is Science?

• An ongoing process used as a way of knowing about the world around (and in) us.

• It includes observation, inference, and scientific method to find out more.

• Constantly changing.

• Affects every aspect of our lives.

• Sometimes conflicts with our values.

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Observations v. InferencesObservations v. Inferences

• Observation: information you gather with any of your 5 senses.

• Inference: logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience

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Branches of BiologyBranches of Biology

• Botany

• Zoology

• Anatomy

• Physiology

• Microbiology

• Paleontology

• Etc.21

Levels of Organization of Biological Levels of Organization of Biological StudyStudy

• Atoms/Molecules

• Cells

• Groups of cells (tissues, organs, organ systems)

• Organism

• Population

• Community

• Ecosystem

• Biosphere22