Chapter 1 Introduction to Project Management

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

PROF. DR. TAHİR ÇELİK

CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

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WHAT IS A CONSTRUCTION

PROJECT? • A construction project consists of a series of

tasks that have the following characteristics:

• Specific start and end dates

• Defined scope and objectives

• Budget and schedule

• Unique and non-repetitive (particular mega projects)

• Consumes resources (e.g. money, materials, people (manpower), equipment (machines) and time (minutes).

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Project Management is the overall

planning, control and coordination of a

project from inception to completion aimed

at meeting the client’s requirements and

ensuring completion on time, within cost and to the required quality standards.

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Schedule

Quality Budget

Project

Management

Time

Fund

END

PRODUCT

Material

GOALS

Labor

Equipment

PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

Ø Planning

Ø Executing

Ø Controling

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ELEMENTS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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PLANNING

•Set objectives

•Survey resources Form strategy

CONTROLLING

•Measure achievements

against goals

•Report

Resolve problems

EXECUTING

• Allocating resources

Guide execution

Co-ordinate effort Motivate staff

MANAGERIAL CYCLE

PLANNING PLANNING a. The first task of planning is to establish the

objectives to be achieved in a project. The following is a list of possible objectives: successful completion of a project; this

means on time within budget in compliance with contract documents and specifications.

improved productivity improved or new construction technology improved public relations improved/changed company image

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b. Once the objectives are established, a plan must be developed aimed at meeting these objectives.

ØThere are many methods and techniques for the planning and scheduling in use: Bar chart

NETWORK (CPM)

Line of balance etc.

ØAnd there are also many package programmes such as Microsoft Project, Primavera etc.

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EXECUTING

Allocating resources : After the plan is developed, necessary resources has to be provided and allocated to this plan.

Allocation of resources to a plan is another important function of management.

ØLet us review these resources briefly (5 M’s): Time (Minute)

Money

Manpower; managers, staff, labourers

Materials: should be supplied on time in sufficient quantities and quality, in compliance with specifications.

Plant, equipment, (Machinery)

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EXECUTION (continued)

• It is the allocation of resources that

makes a construction plan into a

construction schedule and that

gets the work to be executed and

completed according to the plan.

• Once the resources are brought to

the site, then guide execution,

coordinate effort and motivating

the staff become key to successful

completion of the plan.

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CONTROLLING

A project control system has to be

established to achieve:

Time control

Cost control

Quality control

Safety control

Good management enables management to

run the construction operations successfully

and it also enables management to detect

deviations from the original plan.

Reports, . Resolve problems 11

PARTIES TO THE

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

a. Client (owner)

b. The users

c. The designers

d. The executers

e. Public authorities and agencies

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a. Client

The word is used for the organisation

which needs the end product and has

the authority (and the money) to order

and approve it.

Individual

Organisation

Government

b. The Users

They are the people who must operate

and maintain the facilities which have

been provided. 13

c. The Designers

These are the architects and specialists

responsible for translating the client's

requirements into reality. The designing

team is composed by:

Architects,

structural engineers in the design of the structure,

draughtsmen to produce working drawings from the

sketches,

electrical engineers in the design of power and

lighting supplies

civil engineers in the design of access roads,

earthworks,

quantity surveyors in the preparation of estimates

and tender documents. 14

d. The Executors

These are the people who undertake the

physical construction, who in many cases

will be private contractors.

e. Public Authorities and Agencies

All buildings must fulfil statutory

requirements regarding construction

permissions, standards and safety.

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STAGES AND ASPECTS OF

CONSTRUCTION A construction project includes five stages

from the time when the decision is made to implement the construction project until the project becomes a reality.

The stages of a construction project are:

i. Briefing

ii. Designing

iii. Tendering

iv. Constructing

v. Commissioning

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a) Purpose: To enable the client to specify project functions and

permissible costs.

b) Activities Ø i) Set up a work plan and appoint designers and

specialists

Ø ii) Consider user requirements, locations and site conditions, planning, designing, estimated costs, quality requirements.

Ø iii) Ensure the preparation of Sketches at scale 1/10 : 1/1000, 1/3500

Cost estimates and implications

a plan for implementation

A department data programmed

Briefing Stage

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Briefing Stage (continued)

c) Participants: Architect,

Civil Engineer,

Structural Engineer,

Electrical Engineer,

Mechanical Engineer.

The link between them is often provided by a project

management team created for the duration of the

project.

The team is normally headed by a project manager,

who is responsible to the client for the execution of

the project.

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a. Purpose

To complete the project brief and determine the

design, methods of construction and estimate costs.

To prepare the necessary production information,

including working drawings and specifications and

to complete all arrangements for obtaining tenders.

Designing Stage

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Designing Stage (continued)

b. Activities

Activities at this stage include

i) finalizing project,

ii) investigating technical problems,

iii) obtaining the clients final approval

iv) preparing

a scheme design, including cost estimates

a detail design

working drawings, specifications and schedules

bill of quantities

a final cost estimates

preliminary production programme, including time-schedule.

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Designing Stage (continued)

c. Participants

Depending on the nature and the complexity of the

project, the design team should include the following:

project manager,

architect (buildings),

quantity surveyor ,

Civil, structural, mechanical and electrical engineers,

some specialists such as, health and safety officials, organisational planners etc.

user representative

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a. Purpose:

To find the proper contractor to undertake the site

construction works.

b. Activities call for tendering (newspaper, TV)

establish a committee to adjust the tender

as a project manager, you will provide all data to

the client and let select the contractor.

Tendering Stage

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Tendering Stage (continued)

c. Participants

In the case of government projects, the project

management team may be expected to give technical

support by:

i) providing the necessary contract documents

ii) providing a basis for pre-qualification of

tenderers,

iii) checking that the tenders are arithmetically

correct and conform to tender requirements.

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a) Purpose To construct the structure within time agreed limits

of cost and time and to specified quality.

b) Activities To plan, co-ordinate and control site operations.

Production planning includes the formulation of:

i) time-schedules,

ii) site organisation,

iii) a manpower plan ,

iv) a plant and equipment plan.

v) a material delivery plan.

Construction Stage

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Construction Stage (continued)

ØSite operations include: all temporary and permanent construction works and

the supply of all built-in furniture and equipment.

the co-ordination of subcontractors,

Øc. Participants site engineers

workers

Normally, direct responsibility rests with the contractor.

The project manager and his team must arrange for adequate supervision of the work to ensure requirements.

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a) Purpose To ensure that the building (structure) has been

completed as specified in the contract documents, and that all the facilities work properly.

To provide a record of the actual construction, its cost, together with operating instructions.

To train staff in the use of the facilities provided.

b) Records

During construction, difficulties may arise which result in changes to the original design.

Records of these changes will be kept during construction, mainly for financial reasons.

Commissioning Stage

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Commissioning Stage (continued)

c) Activities prepare "as buiIt" records

inspect the construction thoroughly and have defects remedied

start up, test and adjust all services,

prepare operating instructions and maintenance manuals

staff training

The commissioning stage is the transition period between the construction and the occupation and use of the building (structure).

d) Participants project management team

operating staff 27

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION