Chapter 02 short

Due Friday!

Chap 1 Short Answer

Reading #2: Hammurabi

Middle East Map Quiz

Chap 2 Vocab. Quiz

Chapter 2

New Civilizations in the

Eastern and Western

Hemispheres2200-250 B.C.E.

Unit 1: Chapter 2

Section 1:

Early China

A. Geography & Resources

B. Shang Dynasty

C. Zhou Dynasty

D. Philosophies

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

A. Geography and Resources

1. China is divided into 2 geographical regions:

a. North, Yellow River Valley, dry and cold

b. South, Yangzi Valley, warm with lots of rain

2. Natural Resources

a. Timber, stone, Metals

3. Agriculture

a. Millet (north) & Rice (south)

b. Agriculture required lots of people to be successful

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

B. Shang Period

From 1750 – 1027 B.C.E.

Origins in the Yellow River Valley

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

1. Dynasty

a. Direct rule & indirect rule over peripheral areas.

b. Extended control by military conquest

c. Engaged in trade possibly with Mesopotamia.

2. Religion

a.Kings worship spirits of male ancestors.

b.Presented themselves as intermediaries between gods

and human world.

3. Techonology

1. Bronze: weapons & ceremonials vessels

2. Horse-drawn chariot & water buffalo

3. Civil engineering projects

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

4. Chinese Writing System

a. Chinese characters developed during Shang period.

b. Chinese writing system today is directly related to

the Shang system. (oldest language still alive)

c. Chief written remains of Shang Dynasty are oracle

bones used in divination.

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

C. Zhou Period

Background

From 1027 – 221 B.C.E.

A dependent state of the Shang that rebelled

Defeated Shang in the eleventh century B.C.E.

Invented concept of “Mandate of Heaven”

Longest lasting Chinese Dynasty

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

1. Religion and Government

a. Priest’s power faded

b. This resulted in the separation of religion and

government

c. Zhou period saw development of many different

and important secular philosophies.

2. Western Zhou (11t h – 9th Century B.C.E.)

a. Direct control over core territory

b. Indirect control over peripheral areas

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

3. Eastern Zhou Period

a. Decline of the central government

b. Regional governors ruled semi-independent states

c. Eastern Zhou period divided further

1. Spring and Autumn Period (771-481 B.C.E.)

2. Warring States Period (480-221 B.C.E.)

d. Technology

1. Walls for defense, Iron & Steel, Horse riding

e. Culture

1.Developed 3 generation family (grandparent, parent, child)

2.Men - Private property, ancestral offerings, controlled family,

1 wife but many concubines

3.Women -subordinate to men

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

D. Philosophies

1. Legalism

A. Assumes that human nature is essentially wicked

and selfish.

B. People will only behave if they are ruled by strict

laws and harsh punishments.

C. Functioned as the ideological basis of various

independent states as they expanded.

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

2. Confucianisma. Founded by Confucius

b. Assumes that human nature is essentially good

c. Respect of family extends to respect of the state

d. Concerned with establishing moral foundations of government

3. Daoism

a. Founded by Laozi.

b. Follow the Dao - the path

c. There are no absolute moral standards

d. People should take the world as they find it

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

4. Yin & Yang

a. A natural balance

b. Male – sun, active, bright, shining

c. Female – moon, passive, shaded, reflective

d. Confucius - male superior to the female

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

Section 2:

Nubia 3100 BCE– 350 CE

A. Geography & Resources

B. Nubian Civilization

C. Kingdom of Kush

D. Kingdom of Meroe

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

A. Geography and Resources

1. Located along the Upper or Southern Nile

2. Natural Resources

a. Gold, semi-precious stones, copper

3. Trade Link

a. Between Sub-Saharan Africa & North Africa

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

1. Egyptian influence in Old Kingdom

a. Mutual need for resources by peaceful trading

b. Language, religion, writing, culture

2. Overthrown by Egyptians in Middle Kingdom

a. Egypt no longer wanted to trade, invaded Kush

b. Children taken to Egypt to become cultured

3. Overthrown by Assyrians

1. Nubia allied with Palestinians to defeat Assyrians

2. Assyrians attack Egypt and push into Nubia

3. Govt forced to move south to Meroe

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

B. Nubian Civilization

1. Southern Nubia 1750 BCE

2. Strength was in metal working

3. Egypt invaded and took POW and children

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

C. Kingdom of Kush

1. Ruled Egypt 800 BCE – 350 CE

2. First capital at Napata then moved to Meroe

3. Matrilineal family system

4. Queens were very influential (Cleopatra)

5. Dominated trade routes and iron

6. Decline due to shifting trade routes

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

D. Kingdom of Meroë

Section 3:

The Americas1200 - 250 BCE

A. Olmecs

B. Nubian Civilization

C. Kingdom of Kush

D. Kingdom of Meroe

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3

Map of Olmec Territory

A. Olmecs: 1200 - 400 BCE

1. Located along coast of present day Mexico

2. Most influential Mesoamerican preclassical

civilization

3. Government

a. Independent City/States ruled by a king

b. Similarities: political and social/cultural

c. ^ in Agriculture led to an ^ in population

d. Gave rise to a strong king/priest

e. Result – large scale labor to build rel/pol buildings

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3

4. Capital

a. San Lorenzo > La Venta > Tres Zapotes

5. Technology

a. Raised fields, only simple tools, writing, astronomy,

calendar, ball games, Stone Heads

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3

B. Chavin: 900-250 BCE

1. Located along west coast South America

2. Sat on crossroads of trade b/t coast and Andes

Mountains

3. Strong military and religion

4. Rotating labor system to build roads & bridges

5. 1 domesticated animal – llama

6. Regional wars disrupted trade, economic

collapse, results in govt. dissolving

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3

Chavín Art