Transcript
1Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Chapter 1
Discovering the World ofNursing Research
2Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research - What is it?
Research: to search again Implications:
a reason for conducting it hard work (diligence) some sort of method or rules paying attention to detail eventual usefulness something out there already
3Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research - What is it? (Cont’d)
In general, it is diligent and systematic. It is an inquiry or investigation. Its purpose is to validate and refine what is already known and to generate new knowledge.
Nursing research is defined as a scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences the delivery of evidence-based nursing.
4Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Framework Linking Nursing Research to the World of Nursing
5Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Ideas Embedded in the Framework
A concrete-abstract continuum A real world in which concepts can be
measured Potential testing of ideas with research Implication of connections among philosophy,
knowledge, theory, research, and evidence-based practice
Is this true based on your experience?
6Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Knowledge Acquisition
Abstract thought processes Introspection Intuition Reasoning
Science Laws Principles Axioms
Theory
7Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Traditional ways Nurses Have Acquired Knowledge
Traditions Authority Borrowing Trial and error Personal experience Role-modeling and mentorship Philosophy
8Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Roles of Nurses in Research:Bachelor’s Degree (BSN)
Read and critically appraise studies actually read some research articles have the ability to judge research articles’ worth
based on objective criteria Use best research evidence in practice with
guidance: apply findings, with supervision Assist with problem identification and data
collection: work with the research team
Does this really happen in your work area?
9Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Roles of Nurses in Research:Master’s Degree (MSN)
Critically appraise and synthesize studies Develop and revise protocols, algorithms, and
policies for practice, based on appraisal and synthesis
Implement best research evidence in practice Collaborate on research projects and provide
clinical expertise for research
Does this really happen in your work area?
10Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Roles of Nurses in Research: Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP)
Participate in development of evidence-based guidelines
Develop, implement, evaluate, and revise as needed protocols, policies, and evidence-based guidelines in practice
Conduct clinical studies, usually in collaboration with other nurse researchers
Are there DNPs with whom you have worked? Is this what they do in your institution?
11Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Roles of Nurses in Research Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Participate in evidence-based guideline development
Develop, implement, evaluate, and revise as needed protocols, policies, and evidence-based guidelines in practice
Conduct clinical studies, usually in collaboration with other nurse researchers
Are there PhDs with whom you have worked? Is this what they do in your institution?
12Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Roles of Nurses in Research: PhD with Postdoctoral Education
Assume a full researcher role with a funded program of research
Lead and/or participate in nursing and interdisciplinary research teams
Function as experts in their areas of research Mentor PhD-prepared researchers
Have you encountered nurses with PhDs and postdoctoral education?
13Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Evidence-based Nursing Practice
14Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Evidence-based Practice
Relies on the nurse’s clinical expertise patient needs and values formal evidence
Which of the above is the most important?
Why?
Does the diagram show this clearly?
15Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research Purposes
Description: what is it? Explanation: what does it connects, explain? Prediction: what occurs with it? Control: what change happens when it . . .?
16Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Purpose: Description
What is the incidence of UTIs in the general patient population at my institution?
What are the diagnoses of patients treated in a typical hospital emergency room?
What is the average home blood sugar value in ambulatory diabetic patients in one physician’s practice in New York City?
What is the daily calorie intake for 14-year-old males below the poverty level in the Los Angeles public school system?
17Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Purpose: Explanation
Do the rates of UTIs in my institution differ, depending on catheter product used?
Why do emergency room clients state that they use the emergency room?
Does daily average blood sugar value in ambulatory diabetic men differ depending on marital status?
What do elderly women identify as the parenting activities they found most challenging?
18Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Purpose: Prediction
What is the occurrence rate of UTIs in diabetic, versus non-diabetic hospitalized women with temporary urinary catheters?
What are the variations in emergency room use on different days of the week, at different times?
Is the incidence of death in elders suffering hip fracture lower with prompt surgical intervention?
19Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Purpose: Control
If the BRX antibiotic-impregnated catheter is utilized for diabetic women post-operatively, does the rate of UTI decrease?
Can use of the emergency room for urgent care illness be decreased by a 24-hour urgent care center adjacent to the hospital?
Does thrice-weekly aqua-exercise by elderly females slow bone loss?
20Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Potential Research Questions
Each work area has potential research questions, some hidden, some overt.
These questions can address description, explanation, prediction, or control.
In your work area, what are some of the research questions that you believe need to be answered?
Would these questions address description, explanation, prediction, or control?
21Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Research Methods
Quantitative research: counts and measures; reports findings with statistics
Qualitative research: observes and interviews; reports findings as a narrative
Outcomes research: quantitative; focused on quality of care
Intervention research: quantitative; tests a product or strategy
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