Transcript
7/30/2019 chain of infection 2.ppt
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e a n o
InfectionInfection
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As healthcareAs healthcare
professionals, itprofessionals, itis important tois important to
understand twounderstand twothings aboutthings about
infectioninfection:
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1.the various ways infection can
be transmitted
2. the ways the infection chaincan be broken
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There are sixThere are sixlinkslinks
in the chainin the chain
of infectionof infection ::
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1st - The Infectious Agent1st - The Infectious Agent
-any disease-causing
microorganism(pathogen)
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2nd - The Reservoir Host2nd - The Reservoir Host
-the organism in which the
infectious microbes reside
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Hosts that do not show any outward signs or
symptoms of a disease but are still capable
of transmitting the disease are known ascarriers.
What are “Carrier Hosts”What are “Carrier Hosts”
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3rd - The Portal of Exit3rd - The Portal of Exit
-route of escape of the pathogen
from the reservoir.Examples: respiratory
secretions, blood
exposure, breaks inskin.
4 h Th R f
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4th - The Route of 4th - The Route of
Transmission Transmission
-method by which the pathogengets from the reservoir to the
new host
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Transmission may occur through:
Contact transmission
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A. Direct Contact
– person to person transfer of organism.
• Direct skin to skin contact – byhandshaking
• Direct mucous membrane -to-mucous membrane contact bykissing or sexual intercourse.
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B. Indirect contact.
– occurs when the susceptible personcomes in contact with a
contaminated object.• Indirectly via contamination of food
and water by fecal materials.
• Indirectly via transfusion of contaminated blood from ill person orby parenteral injections.
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Air – borne Transmission
• Occurs when fine microbial particles
or dust particles containing microbesremain suspended in the air for aprolong period; spread by air current
and inhaled.
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Borne
transmission
• Occurs when an intermediatecarriers, such as flea, flies,mosquitoes, transfer the microbes to
another living organism, broughtabout by bites of arthropods.
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5th - The Portal of Entry5th - The Portal of Entry
-route through which the
pathogen enters its new host.
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Urinary & Reproductive Tracts
S e x u
a l
S e x u
a l
c o n t a
c t
c o n t a
c t
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Breaks in Protective Skin Barrier
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6th - The6th - The Susceptible HostSusceptible Host
-the organism that accepts the
pathogen
The support of pathogen life & itsreproduction depend on the degree
of the host’s resistance.
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Organisms with strong immuneOrganisms with strong immune
systems are better able to fend off systems are better able to fend off
pathogens.pathogens.
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Organisms with weakened immuneOrganisms with weakened immune
systems are more vulnerable to thesystems are more vulnerable to the
support & reproduction of pathogens.support & reproduction of pathogens.
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-The essential part of patient care
& self-protection.
How to interrupt the chain of How to interrupt the chain of
infection:infection:
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3. Control Portals of Exit3. Control Portals of Exit
-healthcare personnel mustpractice standard precautions:
(C l b d i & h
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(Control body secretions & wash
hands according to protocol.)
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5 Protect Portal of5 Protect Portal of
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5. Protect Portal of 5. Protect Portal of EntryEntry
-Health professionals must make
sure that ports of entry are notsubjected to pathogens.
(nose, mouth, eyes, urinary tract,
open wounds, etc.)
6 Recognition of6 Recognition of
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6. Recognition of 6. Recognition of
Susceptible HostSusceptible Host
-health professionals must recognize& protect high-risk patients
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