Transcript
CHAPTER 13&14 Lifecycle Nutrition
Preparing for Pregnancy
Mother is Underweight
Infant is Underweight
Poor Future Health
Preparing for Pregnancy
Mother is Underweight
Infant is Underweight
Poor Future Health
Preparing for Pregnancy
Low
Birt
h W
eigh
tLower IQ
Short Stature
40X more likely to die 1st year
Preparing for Pregnancy
Hig
h Bi
rth
Wei
ght
Larger size
2X more likely to have NTD
Folate deficiency
Abnormal spinal cord
development
Neural Tube Defect
Spinal Bifida Abnormal spinal cord development Neural Tube Defect
Anencephaly
Spinal Bifida
Calcium Absorption
Doubles
During Pregnancy
Fetus needs a store of iron for the first 3-6 months of life
Fetus needs a store of iron for the first 3-6 months of life
Supplementation is recommended
BMJ 2013 Jun 21; 346:f3443
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
Irreversible brain damage
Growth retardation
Mental retardation
Facial abnormalities
Vision abnormalities
OK?
Pregnancy
AlcoholModerate
British Medical Journal, June 2013
Got Breast Milk?
Carbohydrate
Lactose
Easy to digest
Enhance Ca absorption
Lipids
Main energy source
EFAs
Protein
Easily digested
Lactoferrin - iron
Vitamins
Vitamin C High
Vitamin DLow
Minerals
Ca highly absorbable
Low in sodium
High in zinc and iron
Vitamin D
Supplementation recommended
Iron
Infant Stores
Breast Milk
Supplements?
At 4-6 months, an exclusively breast fed infant is at risk of iron deficiency.
Immune Factors
Anti-viral agents
Anti-bacterial agents
Less prone to GI disorders
Colostrum contains antibodies
30% of American children eat fast food every day!
Toddler Nutrient Needs
Protein
Carbs
Fiber
Fatty acids
Vitamins
Minerals
Limit sat fat
Not a Low Fat Diet
Iron Deficiency
Behavior problems
Food Allergy
Recognized as foreign
Immune response
Food Intolerance
Not an allergy
Unpleasant symptom
Food Aversion
Intense dislike
Grow out
ADH
D3-5% of school
children
Inability to pay attention
Poor impulse control
ADHDFood dyes?
Sugar?
Oils?
Salt?
ADH
D o
r ?sugar
lack of sleep
poor diet
lack of exercise
Too Little Too much
Soda
Solid fats
Processed foods
Fast food
Calcium
Iron
Teenagers
• Recommendation stays the sameProtein
• Same: adequate amounts are important!Fiber
• AHA dietFat
• Recommendation decreasesVitamin A
• Recommendation increasesVitamin D
• Same: adequate hydration important!Water
• Recommendation decreases – iron status improves. Iron
• Recommendation increases – absorption decreasesCalcium
THE
END
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