CH1019 Chemical Process Technology - Yolabalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Final Inorganic Technology Lecture 1.pdfProducts of Chlor-Alkali Industries Balaubramanian S 8 Manufacture

Post on 12-Mar-2020

1 Views

Category:

Documents

0 Downloads

Preview:

Click to see full reader

Transcript

CH1019 Chemical Process Technology

Lecture2

Chapter1Chlor-AlkaliIndustries

BalasubramanianSAssistantProfessor(OG)DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

Chapter1 CHLORALKALIINDUSTRIES

ProductsofChlor-AlkaliIndustries

SodiumChloride

SodiumAsh

Sodiumbi-carbonate

ChlorineandCausKcSoda

1

2

Overview of topics

BalaubramanianS 2

3

4

5

Chapter1 CHLORALKALIINDUSTRIES

ProductsofChlor-AlkaliIndustries

SodiumChloride

SodiumAsh

Sodiumbi-carbonate

ChlorineandCausKcSoda

1

2

Overview of topics

BalaubramanianS 3

3

4

5

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 4

TheChlor-alkaliindustriesrepresentsthreemajorindustrial

chemicals

1.  Sodaash2.  CausKcSoda3.  Chlorine

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 5

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 6

Apartfromthesecompoundsthecommonsalt(NaCl),Sodium

chloridesisthebasicrawmaterialforgreatmanycompounds

suchas

1.  Sodiumhydroxide

2.  Sodiumsulfate

3.  Hydrochloricacid

4.  SodiumchlorateandSodiumchlorite

Thesalt(NaCl)isusedintheregeneraKonofsodiumzeolite

watersoWeners

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 7

ManufactureofNaCl

Saltisobtainedinthreedifferentways,namely,

1.  SolarevaporaKonofseawater2.  Miningofsaltrock

3.  Fromwellbrines(andpurificaKonusingvacuumpansystems)

-PurityofsaltobtainedfromsolarevaporaKon=99.0%

-Purityofsaltfromrocksalt =99.5%

-Thesaltobtainedthroughwell =98.0%pure

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 8

ManufactureofNaClusingVacuumpansystems

-  Saltbrineisobtainedbypumpingwaterintoasaltdepositandbringingthebrinetothe

surface.

-  Twoconcentricpipesareusedwithwaterbeingforceddownthecenterpipeandbrine

returningtothesurfacethroughtheannularspacebetweenthetwopipes.

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 9

ManufactureofNaClusingVacuumpansystems

-  ThevacuumpanemployingmulKpleeffectevaporatorsisthemostcommonmethodof

producingbrinefromwellsasshowninabovefigure.

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 10

S.No. Process Equipment UnitOpera6on UnitProcess Objec6ve

01 ConKnuous ConcentricPipes

Drilling - DrillandobtainthebrinesoluKon

02 Batch Vacuumpanevaporator

EvaporaKon - ConcentraKonofsaltfrombrinesoluKonunderreducedatmosphericpressure

03 Batch Receiver

Storage - TostoretheconcentratedbrinesoluKon

04 ConKnuous Washer Washing/Cleaning

- Towashandpurifythebrine

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 11

S.No. Process Equipment UnitOpera6on UnitProcess Objec6ve

05 ConKnuous Rotaryfilter/Drier

FiltraKon/Drying - SeparaKonofsolidsaltcakeandliquidbrinesoluKon.Drythesaltcakebypassingthehotair

06 ConKnuous Scale Weighing - Toweighthesaltobtainedfromtherotaryfilter

07 ConKnuous Helicalconveyor

SolidtransportaKon

- Toconveythesalt(NaCl)andpackthesalttomarket

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 12

ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)

ClassificaKonofprocessesinthemanufactureofSodaAsh

1.  LeBlancProcess2.  SolvayProcess

3.  Naturalsodafromdeposits

4.  Dualprocess

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 13

History-ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)

1.  LeBlancProcess

-  Thisprocesswasdiscoveredin1773andwasuseduniversally

formanyyearsintheworld.

-  Saltcake(sodiumsulfate)reactswithlimestonetogivesoda

ashandatroublesomeproductgypsum(calciumsulfate).

-  Theprocessisnolongerused.

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 14

History-ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)

2.Solvayprocess

-  In1864,ErnestSolvay,aBelgiumchemist,inventedsoda

process(orAmmonia–Sodaprocess)

-  TheSolvaymethodhascompletelyreplacedandtheLeBlanc

methodby1985.

-  ThismethodissKllverypopularWorldwide.

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 15

History-ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)

3.Naturalprocess

-  InU.S.largedepositsofnaturalTronaorefacilitatesthe

manufactureofsodaashfromit.

-  TheoreTronaalsocalledassodiumsequicarbonate.HeaKng

thisoregivessodaash.

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 16

History-ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)

3.Dualprocess

-  ItisalsocalledmodifiedSolvayprocess.

-  TheprincipalmodificaKonistherecoveryofNH4Clas

coproductratherthanliberaKonofcombinedammoniafor

cycle.

Products of Chlor-Alkali Industries

BalaubramanianS 17

References

1.  DrydenC.E,OutlinesofChemicaltechnology–forthe21stCentury,3rdediKon,East-WestPress(2004)

2.  AusKnG.T,Shreve’sChemicalProcessIndustries,5thediKon,McGrawHillInternaKonalediKons(1984)

top related