Ch. 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages

Ch. 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages

The Middle Ages

Outline: # 2

Map of Europe in 998.

The Bubonic Plague“The Black Death”

Named because of the color of skin of victim and buboes

Spread throughout Europe from 1347-1350

Preempted by…“Seven lean years”

(1315-1322)Little Ice Age (LIA)

Caused by bacteria called Yersinia Pestis

The Bubonic Plague(Cont’d)

Originated in Asia circa 1331Spread of the plague was instigated by poor

living conditions Many blamed the Jews

Thought they poisoned well waters Resulting in the killing of thousands of Jews Flagellants? If you’ve seen The DaVinci code, you

witnessed it. Manuscript illumination…on page 348 Dance of Death…fresco…pg. 349/

Care of the SickThought in terms of “poisons” or

“corrupted air”“So incurable was the evil that neither any regularity of life, nor any bodily strength count resist it. Strong and weak bodies were all similarity carried away.”

Religious cared for sickWealthy fled cities“almost no one cared for his neighbor…

brother abandoned brother…”

"Ring Around the Rosie"Ring around the rosey: Referring to ring that

appear on the skin because of the plague.-Pocket full of posies: Poises are a strong

smelling flower, so people filled their pockets with them to hide the smell that the plague gave off so people wouldn't know they had it.

-Ashes, Ashes: Refers to people being burnt to ashes after they died because they couldn't be buried or the infection would spread.

-We all fall down!: Referring to people dying.Could be an urban legend????????

Giovanni Boccaccio-1313-1375Italian writer that

described the course of the Black Death

Pinpointed rats as the spread of the diseasePreface of his book The

DecameronCollection of small

novels7 women and 3 men

fleeing from the plague to a villa told stories to pass the time/

Economic, Religious & Cultural EffectsGeneral inflationLabor shortageHigher wagesArt reveal a morbid focus on deathEndowments increased

Hundred Years War“Misery of the Middle Ages”F

RANCE

ENGLAND

Causes of conflict:

1. Disagreement over rights of land

2. Dispute over the succession to the French throne Charles IV(Fr.),dies childless in 1328; Capetian dynasty ends Charles’ sister, Isabella, had a son—Edward III, king of

England Salic law—exclusion of women (6th C law maintained until

1789!) What happened from here??

1. Economic conflicts

2. Duchy of Aquitaine/

MAJOR BATTLES:

AGINCOURT (1415)POITIERS (1356)

CRECY (1346)

ENGLISH LONG BOW DOMINATED THE BATTLE FIELD

TEXT MAPS, PAGE 351

Early English Victories

The French “Reconquest”Even though in 1428 the

military and political power seemed firmly in British hands, the French reversed the situation.

In 1429, with the aid of the mysterious Joan of Arc, the French king, Charles VII, was able to raise the English siege of Orleans.This began the reconquest of the

north of France.

JOAN OF ARC IS CAPTURED BY THE ENGLISH, ACCUSED OF WITCHCRAFT

MAY 30TH 1431 SHE IS TIED TO A STAKE AND BURNED TO DEATH AT 19 YEARS

OLD/

France Becomes Unified!

France in 1337

France in 1453

The End of the War

By 1453 the English had lost all their major centers except Calais.

There was not treaty, only a cessation of hostilities.

A major cause of the Hundred Years’ War for the French was that:

The French nobles were unwilling to give their support to the English who claimed the throne of France

A woman had become ruler of France for the 1st time

The King of France claimed the throne of England

The economic reason of wool/

Impact 100 Yrs. war

1. rise of nationalism2. representative

assembly's will develop…. Parliamentary system

3. War of the Roses—rise of the Tudor dynasty in England

4. The twin pillars of the Middle Ages---The Age of Faith & the Age of Chivalry…will die/

Challenges to the ChurchClergy challenged Pope

WyclifLaypeople challenged ClergyDivided “Rome” – 1 Pope, 2 Popes, 3 Popes

(hahahaha)a.k.a Schisms

Writers argued that church should be subordinate to the government, or separateWilliams of OccamMarsiglio Padua

Influence of literacy

Social Unrest in a Changing SocietySmall Group work

Read the assigned sectionDevelop and write a two sentences summaryCreate a list of five facts that are important to

know

Peasant Revolts

Urban Conflict

Sex in the City