“Central Dogma” & Date “Central Dogma” & Date Main Ideas/Lecture Topics “Big Ideas” or Chunking the Lecture.
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“Central Dogma” & Date
Main Ideas/Lectu
re Topics
“Big Ideas” or Chunking the
Lecture
DNA(polymer)
mRNA (polymer)
Protein* (polymer)
*Made from amino acids (monomers)
The Central Dogma: “Getting the Information Out”
2) Transcription 3) Translation
1) Replication
DNA
3
2
1Replication
Transcription
Translation
RNA DNASugar Ribose Deoxyribose
Phosphate
Yes Yes
Bases AUGC ATGC
Length Short Long
Strands Single Double
1 DNA Replication
Figure 2
Nuclear Membrane
DNA Replication• Happens during
“interphase” (just before Meiosis & Mitosis)
• Creates a second, complementary set of (23 or 46) chromosomes for cell about to be created
Goes to
new cell
Goes to old
cell
DNA(polymer)
mRNA (polymer)
Protein* (polymer)
*Made from amino acids (monomers)
The Central Dogma: “Getting the Information Out”
2) Transcription 3) Translation
1) Replication
DNA
Process #1: DNA Replication Molecule(s) involved: DNA
Steps taken:1. The DNA double-helix opens up (“unzips”).2. Free-floating nucleotides line up with their
correct partner nucleotides on the DNA strand.3. Free-floating nucleotides physically connect
(bond) to the DNA strand.4. A new strand of DNA is formed along each of
the open strands.5. Two complete and identical DNA helices are
created.6. Cell division can now occur with the newly
created DNA strand.
Base Pairing Rules:DNA DNA
DNA:DNA:
Parent strandDaughter strand
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T) Adenine (A) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)
DNA(polymer)
mRNA (polymer)
Protein* (polymer)
*Made from amino acids (monomers)
The Central Dogma: “Getting the Information Out”
2) Transcription 3) Translation
1) Replication
DNA
Process # 2: Transcription Molecule(s) involved: DNA, mRNA Steps taken:
1. A small section of DNA is opened up.2. One DNA strand acts as a template and
guides how the mRNA is to be made.3. The mRNA is built of new nucleotides, similar
to how DNA is built.4. As the mRNA is made, it separates from the
DNA template.5. When the entire gene (DNA segment) is
copied (into the form of mRNA), the DNA completely releases the mRNA.
Base Pairing Rules:DNA mRNA
DNA:mRNA:
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U) Adenine (A) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)
DNA(polymer)
mRNA (polymer)
Protein* (polymer)
*Made from amino acids (monomers)
The Central Dogma: “Getting the Information Out”
2) Transcription 3) Translation
1) Replication
DNA
Process #3: Translation
Molecule(s) involved: DNA, mRNA
Steps taken:
1) mRNA strand connects to the ribosome.2) First tRNA’s anticodon docks with the mRNA’s start codon.
(AUG (and always brings the amino acid methionine (met))3) Second tRNA “docks” with ribosome & mRNA strand.4) Amino acid from #2 tRNA attaches to amino acid from #1. 5) First tRNA leaves.6) Whole assembly moves forward one codon (3 letters).7) Repeat process until mRNA’s “stop” codon is reached.
(UAG, UAA, or UGA)8) A release factor breaks up the party.
Base Pairing Rules:mRNA tRNA
mRNA:tRNA:
Adenine (A) Uracil (U) Guanine
(G) Cytosine
(C)
Uracil (U) Adenine (A) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)
mRNA nucleotid
es
Amino Acid (1 of
20)
3 nucleotides (“codon”) = 1 amino acid
mRNA nucleotid
es
Amino Acid (1 of
20)
3 nucleotides (“codon”) = 1 amino acid
Translation
Figure 2
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
DNA mRNA tRNA ProteinLocation(s): Nucleus Nucleus
CytoplasmCytoplasm Cytoplasm
Sugar Deoxyribose
Ribose Ribose NA
Phosphate Yes Yes Yes NA
Chemical Bases
ATCG AUCG AUCG NA
Processes Involved
Replication, Transcriptio
n
Transcription,Translation
Translation Translation
Interacts with Amino
Acids
No No Yes Yes
Structure Double Stranded
Single Stranded
Triplet “Codon”
Single Stranded
“Handedness”
Left Right Left NA
Purpose Master blueprint of
cell activities
Create new proteins:
carry copy of DNA
message to ribosome
Create new proteins:
Carry amino acid to
ribosome
Serve as structural parts of
body and/or enzymes
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