Cellular Organelles

Cellular Organelles

Like jobs in a factory

Cells are like machines that

perform specialized tasks Red Blood Cells carry

oxygen around the body

Neurons (brain cells) send electrical signals around the brain

White blood cells attack invaders and defend the body

Muscles cells contract and relax to move the body (or pump blood)

All animal cells have similar structures called

organelles

Like jobs in a factory, cellular organelles

perform certain functions

The Cell Membrane The cell membrane is

the boundary that separates the cell from the outside world

It REGULATES what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support

It is the Shipping / Receiving Department of the cell!

The Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell membrane that surrounds all the cellular organelles.

It is the factory floor of the cell!

The Nucleus Contains most of the

DNA in the cell Issues instructions to

build proteins via the genetic code on strands of copied DNA (called RNA).

The CEO of the cell!

The Ribosomes Ribosomes read the

instructions encoded on RNA (copied from DNA) sent out by the nucleus to BUILD PROTIENS

They are small organelles that float around the cytoplasm and attach themselves to the endoplasmic reticulum

They are the workers of the cell!

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The ER is a membrane inside the cell where ribosomes attach themselves to build proteins

There is a rough and a smooth ER (rough has Ribosomes and smooth doesn’t)

The ER is the assembly line of the cell!

The Golgi Apparatus Once proteins are finished

by the ribosomes over at the ER, they move to the golgi apparatus

The function of the golgi is to modify, sort, and package proteins for storage in the cell or transportation out of the cell

The golgi is the finishing / packaging department of the cell!

The Lysosomes Lysosomes are small

organelles filled with enzymes that breakdown lipids, carbohydrates and proteins when they are no longer needed.

Lysosomes are the maintenance or clean-up crew of the cell!

The Mitochondria Mitochondria are

organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into ATP, which can be used as instant energy inside the cell (ATP is like cellular electricity)

Billions of years ago mitochondria were an independent organism (they still have their own DNA)

Mitochondria are the power plants of the cell!

The Chloroplasts Found only in plants,

chloroplasts capture the energy of sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts are the solar panels of the cell!

We will return to this next week…

Animations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IqsE8CVTm

s&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM2X1c4K1x0