Cells – The Basic Unit of Life. Types of Cells There are many different types of cells, which are specialized to carry our particular functions.There.
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Cells – The Basic Unit of LifeCells – The Basic Unit of Life
Types of CellsTypes of Cells
• There are many different types of cells, There are many different types of cells, which are specialized to carry our particular which are specialized to carry our particular functions.functions.
• Although they perform different functions, Although they perform different functions, cells have many common features.cells have many common features.
What are cells?What are cells?• Smallest structural and functional units of lifeSmallest structural and functional units of life
• Has the following characteristics of cells:Has the following characteristics of cells:• A LifespanA Lifespan• Can grow, reproduce and repair themselvesCan grow, reproduce and repair themselves• Can sense and respond to changes in their Can sense and respond to changes in their
environmentenvironment• Require energyRequire energy• Produce wasteProduce waste
INSIDE THE CELL:INSIDE THE CELL:ORGANELLES OF ANIMAL ORGANELLES OF ANIMAL
AND PLANT CELLSAND PLANT CELLS
Typical Plant Cell
Typical Animal Cell
Animal Cell vs. Plant CellAnimal Cell vs. Plant Cell
CELL MEMBRANECELL MEMBRANE
FUNCTION:FUNCTION:• SeparatesSeparates the inside of the cell the inside of the cell
from the outside environmentfrom the outside environment• ControlsControls flow of substances in and flow of substances in and
out of the cell (the “gatekeeper”)out of the cell (the “gatekeeper”)STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• Contains a Contains a phospholipid bilayerphospholipid bilayer that that
contains carbohydrate and proteinscontains carbohydrate and proteins
Cell MembraneCell Membrane
THE NUCLEUSTHE NUCLEUS
FUNCTION:FUNCTION:• The The ‘control ‘control
centre’ centre’ of the cellof the cell• DirectsDirects the cells the cells
activities activities (DNA)(DNA)STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• Membrane bound, Membrane bound,
dense structure dense structure found inside the found inside the cellcell
Zooming into the Zooming into the NucleusNucleus
MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIAFUNCTION:FUNCTION:• The The ‘power house’‘power house’• Site of Site of energyenergy production production• Releases energy from Releases energy from
glucoseglucose through process through process
calledcalled cellular respirationcellular respiration
STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• Oval shapedOval shaped• Folded inner membrane with Folded inner membrane with
finger like projectionsfinger like projections
RIBOSOMESRIBOSOMESFUNCTION:FUNCTION:• makes makes proteinprotein• They can be found:They can be found:
1.1. attachedattached (to RER) (to RER)
2.2. free-floating in free-floating in the cytoplasmthe cytoplasm
STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• Spherical shapeSpherical shape• Made of 2 subunitsMade of 2 subunits
Lysosomes Lysosomes (only Animal Cells)
FUNCTION:FUNCTION:• Known as the Known as the “suicide “suicide
sacs”sacs”• Contains Contains enzymesenzymes to to
destroy damaged cells destroy damaged cells and large moleculesand large molecules
STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• Small Small sacsac like structure like structure
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)(ER)
FUNCTION:FUNCTION:• Help Help transport transport
materials within materials within the cellthe cell
• Two types: Two types: Smooth ERSmooth ER and and Rough ERRough ER
ENDOPLASMIC ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMRETICULUM
STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• Tubes that connect to the Tubes that connect to the
nucleus (‘subway/highway nucleus (‘subway/highway system’)system’)
Smooth ERSmooth ER• Contains no ribosomesContains no ribosomes• Lipid/Fat synthesis & Lipid/Fat synthesis &
transporttransport
Rough ERRough ER• Contains ribosomesContains ribosomes• Protein synthesis & Protein synthesis &
transporttransport
GOLGI APPARATUSGOLGI APPARATUS
FUNCTION:FUNCTION:• Stores, modifies and packages Stores, modifies and packages
proteinsproteins in small sacs called in small sacs called vesiclesvesicles• For transport outside of the cellFor transport outside of the cell
STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• Looks like stacked Looks like stacked pancakespancakes
VACUOLEVACUOLE
FUNCTION:FUNCTION:• StorageStorage and and supportsupport• Stores water, food & Stores water, food &
wasteswastes• Increases cell sizeIncreases cell size• Makes cell firmMakes cell firm
STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• Fluid filled spacesFluid filled spaces
Plant Cell Plant Cell CELL WALLCELL WALL
FUNCTION:FUNCTION:• Provides Provides structure structure
andand protection protection
STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• An additional An additional
coveringcovering in plants in plants outside of the cell outside of the cell membranemembrane
• Made of Made of cellulosecellulose
Plant Cell Plant Cell CHLOROPLASTCHLOROPLAST
FUNCTION:FUNCTION:• contains contains chlorophyllchlorophyll• Site of Site of photosynthesisphotosynthesis
STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE:• Double-membraned Double-membraned
organelle that organelle that contains stacked contains stacked discsdiscs
HomeworkHomework
• Read pages 52-60Read pages 52-60• Answer questions:Answer questions:
• #1-3, 5-6, 9 (on page 61)#1-3, 5-6, 9 (on page 61)
• Complete cell organelles chart Complete cell organelles chart and venn diagramsand venn diagrams
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