Cells

Cell OrganellesOctober 30, 2006

Prokaryotic Cells

• In Greek:– Pro = before– karyotic = nucleus

• Cell that do not have a nucleus

• Bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells

• In Greek:– Eu = True– Karyotic = nucleus

• Cell that have a nucleus

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

No Nucleus Nucleus

No Membrane – covered Organelles

Membrane – covered Organelles

Circular DNA (in a circle) Linear DNA (in a line)

Bacteria All other cells

Organelles

• Cell structures that allow it to live, grow & reproduce.

• Keeps inside in & outside out• Interact with things outside the cell.

Cell Walls• Hard Wall made of

cellulose.• Rigid & Stiff• Provides strength &

support to cell membrane– Like our skeletal system

• Is the control center of the cell• Store information (DNA) on how to run the cell and

build new structures. • Largest Organelle in the cell

• Place where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins, which are the building blocks for all structures built in the cell.

• “Protein Factories”• Smallest Organelles in the cell

• Make lipids which are used for membranes.• Breaks down harmful chemicals & other substances• Packages proteins for release from the cell.• “Assembly line” that constructs & carries proteins

• The Powerhouse of the cell• Break down food to make ATP• ATP = energy (Adenosine triphosphate)

• Make food using the energy from the sun.• Change H2O & CO2 to C6H12O6

• Contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

Chloroplasts

• Processes & transports materials out of the cell.• “Packaging center”

• Stores water & other fluids.

Vacuole

• Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts & foreign invaders.

• Membrane bound compartments• Formed when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object

& pinches it off.

Animal & Plant vs. Plant Cell Membranes

NucleusRibosomes

MitochondriaGolgi Complex

LysosomesVesicles

Cell WallsVacuolesChloroplasts

Animal Cell