Cell Structure & Function - Science in the Makingscienceinthemaking.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/7/2/22723722/... · 2019-10-25 · Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

A cell is the smallest unit

that is capable of

performing life functions.

Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Bacteria

•Prokaryotic

•Eukaryotic

Simplest type of cell

No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

One-celled organisms (unicellular); bacteria

Bacteria have a single, circular chromosome

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Center contains the DNA

Surrounded by cell membrane and cell wall

Contains ribosomes (no membrane) in the cytoplasm to make proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Contain organelles surrounded by membranes (including

a nucleus)

Most living organisms (protists, fungi, plants, and animals)

Some are unicellular, but most are multicellular

Most complex type of cell

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Contains 3 basic cell structures

Nucleus

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm with membrane-bound organelles

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

Organelles

Found in bacteria,

fungus, and plant

cells only! (NOT

animal cells)

Made of cellulose

Supports & protects

cells

Found outside the

cell membrane

Composed of a double

layer of phospholipids

and proteins

Surrounds ALL cells

Outer membrane if

there is no cell wall

Controls movement in

and out of the cell

(semi-permeable) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Outside of cell

Inside of cell (cytoplasm)

Cell membrane

Proteins

Protein channel Lipid bilayer

Gel-like mixture where

the organelles are

found (it is in ALL cells)

80% water

Surrounded by the cell

membrane

Protects cell

organelles

Surrounds nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Made of two layers

Openings (pores) allow material to enter and leave nucleus

Directs cell activities

in eukaryotic cells

(“control center”)

Contains genetic

material (DNA)

“Powerhouse” of the cell

Found in ALL eukaryotic cells

Produces energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration by breaking down fats & carbohydrates

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Makes proteins

Each cell contains

thousands. Found in

ALL cell types

Found on rough ER

& also floating

throughout the cytoplasm. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Site of protein synthesis

(made by the ribosomes

on the ER surface)

Rough = ribosomes

Sends proteins and other

materials through the

interior of the rough ER

to the Golgi Body.

Has no surface ribosomes

(smooth)

Makes steroids and ions, &

destroys toxins/poisons

Sends protein, steroids,

ions, and other materials to

the Golgi Body to be USED

in the cell

Found in eukaryotic

cells

Modifies, sorts, &

packages molecules

from ER for storage

OR transport out of the

cell

Distributes materials to

other parts of the cell

via vesicles (sacs).

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Merges with vacuoles to

digest unwanted materials

and transports them to the

cell membrane for removal.

Contains digestive enzymes

to break down old cell parts

Cell breaks down if

lysosome

explodes (“suicide sac”)

Sac containing

water that helps

maintain the

shape of the cell.

Stores water,

food/nutrients and

wastes

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Plant cells have a LARGE central vacuole

Needed to regulate turgor pressure

Allows the plant to remain rigid (stiff)

Without enough water, the plant will wilt (droop)

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuole

Found ONLY in plant cells

Produces a green

pigment called chlorophyll

which absorbs light

energy

Site of photosynthesis,

which uses the energy

from the sun to produce

food (sugar) for the cell

along with oxygen

Chloroplasts inside the cells

Plant versus animal

cells

Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cell

Both have a nucleus

Both contain mitochondria

Animal Cells No cell wall

Usually round shape

Nucleus towards center

Many smaller vacuoles

No chloroplasts

Plant cells Cell wall

Usually rectangular

Nucleus near cell wall

Large central vacuole

Chloroplasts

32

How can you tell?

Is this a plant cell or animal cell?

33

Contains organelles; a large vacuole, a cell wall and chloroplasts!

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Cell Wall

34

How can you tell?

Is this a Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell?

35

Contains organelles; a central nucleus, and no cell wall or chloroplasts!