Transcript
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WEDNESDAY ,9TH FEB. 2011
PAGE 26-28
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Describe cell organisation
in the formation of
tissues, organs and
systems in multicellular
organism
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TYPES OF ANIMAL
TISSUE
EPITHELIAL.
CONNECTIVEE
MUSCLE NERVE
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Epithelial tissue
consist of one ormore layers of cells
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Simple squamous
Epithelial tissue at
lining of the:
Lung
Body cavities
Heart
Blood vessels
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Simple cuboidal
Lining :
Kidney tubules
Glands
Ducts
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Simple columnar
Lining:
Small intestine
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Pseudo stratified
columnar
At the surface of
the skin
Lining of
oesophagus
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Is the most abundant tissue in body.
Is compose of cells called muscle fiber
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TYPES OFMUSCLE TISSUE
SKELETAL
MUSCLE
CARDIAC
MUSCLE
SMOOTH
MUSCLE
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in intestines
blood vessels
urinary tract
reproductive tract
Responsible for involuntary body activities
E.g. Peristaltic movement along digestivetract (contraction and relaxation)
Contract longer than skeletal
Move slowly
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In our arm and leg
Involved in voluntary movement
E.g. Eye movement They contract and relax to move
the bones
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In the wall of the heart
Function:To pump blood to all parts ofthe body
Contraction of cardiac musclesis involuntary
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Composed of neurons or nerve cells
Neurons consist of:
A cell body
Nerves fibers = Dendrites and axons
Functions:
1) Detect stimuli and transmit electricalsignals(Nerves impulses)
2) Control and coordinate activities of the
body
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Consist of various types of cells and fibres
separated by extracellular matrix.
6 types of connective tissues:
1. Loose Most widespread in the body
- Binds epithelia and hold organs
in place
2) Dense -large num. of collagenous fibres
-found in tendons (muscle & bones)
- found in ligaments (bones & bones)
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1. LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE 2. DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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3. CARTILAGE
Strong and flexible
Functions:
Provides support to
the nose, ears andcover joint ends of
the bones
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4. BONE TISSUE
Consist of cell
embedded in a matrix
of collagen ,hardened
by mineral deposit E.g. Calcium
Functions:
Provides protection to
organs Support body
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5. BLOOD CELLS
-RBC
-WBC
Produced in bone
marrow
Located at the ends
of long bones Functions:
Regulate,
transporting and
protective functions
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6. ADIPOSE TISSUE
Consist of tightlypacked cell thatstores fats
Can be found ondermis of the skinand around majororgan
Functions:
Act as an energyreserve
Provides insulationand protection
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Is formed by two or more
type of tissue working
together to performparticular function
E.g.
Heart,lung,kidney,pancreas
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Basically made from 2 layers:
The outermost layer
- epidermis
- consist of epithelial tissue
The middle layer
- Dermis
-Consist of connective tissue, nervetissue, and blood capillaries
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Functions:
Cover body
Act as barrier against infection,physical
trauma and water loss.
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Each system consists of several organs that
work together to perform a common function
There are 11 major functions in humans
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Major Role:The main role of theskeletal system is toprovide support for
the body, Protect delicate
internal organs and toprovide attachmentsites for the organs.
Major Organs:Bones, cartilage,tendons andligaments.
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Major Role:The main role of the muscular
system is to provide movement.
Muscles work in pairs to move
limbs and provide the organismwith mobility.
control the movement of
materials through some organs,
such as the stomach and
intestine, and the heart andcirculatory system.
Major Organs:Skeletal muscles and smooth
muscles throughout the body.
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Major Role:The main role of thecirculatory system isto transport
nutrients, gases(such as oxygen andCO2), hormones andwastes through the
body.Major Organs:
Heart, blood vesselsand blood.
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Major Role:The main role of thenervous system is torelay electrical signalsthrough the body.
Directs behaviour andmovement and, alongwith the endocrinesystem, controlsphysiological processessuch as digestion,
circulation, etc. Major Organs:
Brain, spinal cord andperipheral nerves.
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Major Role:The main role of therespiratory system is toprovide gas exchangebetween the blood and
theenvironment. Primarily,oxygen is absorbed fromthe atmosphere into thebody and carbondioxide is expelled from
the body. Major Organs:
Nose, trachea andlungs.
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Major Role:The main role of thedigestive system isto breakdown and
absorb nutrientsthat are necessaryfor growth andmaintenance.
Major Organs:Mouth, esophagus,stomach, small andlarge intestines.
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Major role:The main role of theexcretory system isto filter out cellular
wastes, toxins andexcess water ornutrients from thecirculatory system
Major Organs:Kidneys, ureters,bladder andurethra.
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Major Role:The main role of theendocrine system is to relaychemical messages throughthe body. In conjunctionwith the nervous system,these chemical messageshelp control physiologicalprocesses such as nutrientabsorption, growth, etc
Major Organs:Many glands exist in thebody that secrete endocrinehormones. Among these arethe hypothalamus, pituitary,thyroid, pancreas and
adrenal glands
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Major Role:The main role of the reproductivesystem is to manufacture cells thatallow reproduction. In the male,
sperm are created to inseminate egg
cells produced in the female.
Female (top): ovaries, oviducts,uterus, vagina and mammary
glands.Male (bottom): testes, seminal
vesicles and penis.
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Major Role:The main role of the immune
system is to destroy and
remove invading microbes
and viruses from the body.
The lymphatic system also
removes fat and excess
fluids from the blood.
Major Organs:Lymph, lymph nodes and
vessels, white blood cells, T-
and B- cells.
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