Transcript
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Building design7
Penryn College utilises energy saving features throughout.
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Building design77.1 Construction site management7.2 Re-using existing buildings and materials7.3 Built form and character7.4 Buildings in their plots, plot layout7.5 Integrating non residential and multi-occupancy buildings7.6 Materials7.7 Roofs, chimneys, dormers and roof lights7.8 Facades and elevations7.9 Walls7.10 Outbuildings, curtilage structures and storage7.11 Property boundaries and entrances7.12 Waste, recycling and collection7.13 Building maintenance and management
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ore than a quarter of the UKs carbon emissions
omes from the energy we use every day to heat,
ght and run our homes. There are a number of wayswhich you can increase the eciency of homes
nd buildings whilst having a limited aesthetic
mpact. For further information on improving the
ciency it is suggested that you look at
he Energy Saving Trust
nd the
ouncils Sustainable Building Guide
Have you ensured that your construction site
is managed eciently to minimise waste and
maximise recycling of site materials?
Have you taken measures to minimise
disturbing the surrounding environment
when construction is in progress?
Look for guidance on waste minimisation
from the:
Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP).
The benets of incorporatingustainable building measures
7.1 Construction site management
We recommend:
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management plans are required they areproduced before starting site works;
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plans are produced before starting work.
These should include details of noise and
dust control.
. Building design
&DJFOUSFNPWBCMFPGXBTUFNBUFSJBM
&OTVSJOHTJUFTBGFUZBUBMMUJNFT
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Insulating the new school building at Lanlivery.
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ave you made ecient use of existing buildings?
ave you reduced your energy use by re-using
uilding materials?
ave you considered investing in energy saving
chnologies to help reduce energy demand for
ew buildings, extensions and existing buildings?
.2 Re-using existing buildings and& materials
We recommend:
t $POTJEFSJOHDPOWFSUJOHFYJTUJOHCVJMEJOrather than demolishing and rebuilding
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energy or materials that can be
recycled;
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wherever possible;
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so that they can be used in dierent ways
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longer used for their original purpose th
conversion should respect retain
the essential character of the original
building;
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Councils Conservation Ocer
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has also produced a
Framework of Conservation Principles and
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Ocer regarding whether the building
capable of conversion and how to meet
the requirements of Building Regulation
. Building design
3FVTJOHFYJTUJOHCVJMEJOHNBUFSJBMJOUIF4U1PMEF-FPOSFTJEFOUJBMIPVTJOHQSPKFDUOFBS1FO[BODF
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your building form simple and drawn from
cal building traditions?
ave you adhered to simple traditional forms
nd used local materials?
ill your scheme create a harmonious
reetscape and protect the distinctive character
the countryside?
ave you built in exibility to the building to
ow for future conversion of roof space or use
your building for another purpose?
here possible designs should follow the
inciples described in:
eeting Part M & designing Lifetime homes seph Rowntree Foundation
nd:
he Case for Space The Size of Englandsew Homes , RIBA.
.3 Built form and character
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upon the traditional rectangular form with a
simple pitched roof spanning the narrower
EJNFOTJPODSFBUJOHBIPSJ[POUBMAMPOHBOEMPX
emphasis;
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through groupings of the basic forms to make
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or a deeper plan by adding a parallel range
behind with a M-shaped roof and central
valley avoiding square or big boxy plan
. Building design
forms which may produce uncharacteristic
pyramid-shaped roofs;
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smaller houses (2 bedroomed to smaller)
to allow for adaptation to meet future
requirements;
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to allow for future conversion of roof voids;
and
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We recommend you avoid
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create a discordant building line and
do not reect the wider frontage local
characteristic, join up smaller houses in
terraces to create an overall rectangula
form; and
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other than porches and bays where
appropriate house plans should norm
be at fronted.
We recommend: &YUFOTJPOUP#BSO)PVTFBU,FXVUJMJTJOHSFDMBJNFENBUFSJBMT
Atelier3Architects
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.4 Buildings in their plots, plot layout
We recommend:
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improve natural surveillance by placingbuildings at the front of the plot and
continue any existing consistent building
lines;
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buildings should be from the street to
encourage activity, social interaction and
safe access to properties;
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plot, ensure that they turn the corner
with windows or doors on both outer
elevations to avoid blank gables;
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face each other across the street and that
private rear gardens of properties are
positioned against each other; and
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by orientating blocks within 30 degrees
of the east-west axis.
. Building design
he way in which a new building sits within its plot,
site, is a critical factor in terms of how well it ts
with its neighbours and contributes to the overallharacter of the street.
Clever juxtaposition of houses helps create a pleasant community environment.
Fluent landscaping adds beauty to utility.
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ave you considered how the external form of the
uilding relates to other buildings in the locality
ther than reecting the internal arrangement?
oes your building create an ac tive frontage?
Sustainable natural resources
Is your use of material based on an
understanding of the signicance of the historic
environment?
Have you considered the palette of colours of
buildings materials used in the area that you are
developing to reect traditional materials and
colourings?
.5 Integrating non residential and multi-occupancy buildings 7.6 Materials
We recommend: We recommend:
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residential buildings with several verticalcirculation and service cores rather than
one large single core;
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into a series of smaller modules; and
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oor units with a dedicated front entrance
and a separate entrance for the upper oors
are encouraged, these should be regularly
spaced and repeated to achieve an active
frontage to the street.
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considered as an integral part of theconceptual design process and not left
the detailed design stage. To assist Cor
Council has produced:
The Cornish Building Stone& Slate Guide and
Cornwall and Scilly Urban Survey $464
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appropriate for small scale buildings;
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materials found on site, either as a resu
demolition or excavation; and
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including renders based on natural lime
wash nish or coloured earth based
pigments.
We recommend you avoid
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local materials unless it would prove
unacceptable on environmental groun
source enough material locally;
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signicant damage to the character of
Cornwall; and
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. Building design
7% of UK carbon emissions come from
construction materials, so when it comes to
their use, Mies van der Rohes Less is More
is the right approach use the minimum
amount of material required, and always look
for recycled and re-usable materials where
possible. For timber, from joists to kitchen
cupboards, look for the PEFC or FSC labels.
The mixed use Heartlands regeneration development at Redruth.
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Cornish style chimneys and traditional slate roof tiles.
4LZMJHIUTNVTUUJOTUZMFXJUIUZQFPGQFSJPESPPOH
he predominant roof form in Cornwall is a simple
tch with gable ends with a, long, relatively low
tch demonstrating uncomplicated ridgelines ondividual buildings.
ave you considered locally distinctive forms of
ong including pitch and materials?
ave you considered appropriate roof struc tures
at allow for the use of renewables?
.7 Roofs, chimneys, dormers and roof lights buildings
We recommend:
Roofs
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is an appropriate local source, such as
Delabole slate;
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roong where real slate in unavailable;
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methods of laying. The strong prevailing
south westerly winds in the area have
generated eaves and gable details which
are tight against the building and are
preferably constructed with no or minimal
exposed timber work;
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building form rather than obscure it;
t *OUFHSBUJOHQPTJUJPOPGEPXOQJQFTJOUP
the design of the roof and facades of the
building to minimise impact of pipes on the
overall design;
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pitch or lean-to roofs can be used to
accommodate buildings with a deeper plan;
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simple which suit the form and style of the
building as well as its location; and
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uninterrupted eaves lines.
. Building design
Chimneys
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proportionate to the scale of the building an
in a suitable material.
Dormers
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above eaves level and below the ridgeline,
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with blind cheeks;
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the main faade to create symmetry.
Roof lights
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roof plain on rear elevations;
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lights should be used with a vertical band an
thin external surround;
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appropriate for the building and the location
We recommend you avoid
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the same rooine;
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projecting fascia and bargeboards unless
already in the existing feature.
rooight installed at an angle and orientation
milar to solar renewables will capture the same
nergy from the sun, but instead of generating
ower it is likely to cause localised overheating
the internal space. Consider relocating the
indow, sun-pipes, dormer windows or some
orm of external shading.
CTD/imijstudio
CTD/imijstudio
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ave you used traditional proportions of mass
nd void?
ave you created a symmetrical arrangement of
penings?
o windows and doors enhance and compliment
e building and are they appropriate to the rural
urban setting?
.8 Facades and elevations
We recommend:
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windows and door openings should not exceed
one third of the total wall area with an even lower
ratio on gable ends/north facing walls;
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openings on ground and rst oor levels rather
than pairs;
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CPUIIPSJ[POUBMMZBOEWFSUJDBMMZBMJHOFEJFXJOEPXT
in any given storey are in a row, while upper
. Building design
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BOETJ[FPGUIPTFEJTUJODUJWFUPUIFMPDBM
and utilise the same roong material as
found on the main building.
We recommend you avoid
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but not quite, symmetrical;
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landscape areas unless to match existing
extensions;
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not a local tradition;
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picture windows and patio doors;
t 'BLFTUZMFToMJLFATBTIDBTFNFOUTXIJDI
top hung, or self adhesive lead lattice.t %PPSTXJUIMBSHFHMBTTQBOFMTBTUIFZNB
unbalance the faade of the building;
t "TSFQMBDFNFOUTJOPMEFSCVJMEJOHTUSZ
UPBWPJEBMVNJOJVNV17$BOEUSPQJDBM
hardwood windows and doors;
t 6TJOHXPPETUBJOPSWBSOJTI
t -BSHFBUSPPGFEQPSDIFTBOE
t #BMDPOJFTPOPMEFSQSPQFSUJFT
Also see following page
nless designing specically with solar
modelling, its likely that more than 25% of
southern faade will cause more heat gain
roblems than it generates in benets.
A good example of maintaining original proportions and using indigenous materials.
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windows tend to line up above lower ones;
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window designs and patterns where
possible, to preserve the character of the
building;
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windows and doors on the main building
when designing an extension;
t 6TJOHTJNQMFXFMMQSPQPSUJPOFEEPPSEFTJHOT
that suit the character of the building;
t &OTVSJOHUIBUUJNCFSXJOEPXBOEEPPSGSBNFT
are from renewable sources and of good,
durable quality;
t 6TJOHUSBEJUJPOBMNBUFSJBMTBOEOJTIFTGPS
doors and windows, and match these to the
use and character of the building; including
slate or stone for window sills in preference to
timber where possible;
t 6TJOHQBJOUBTUIFUSBEJUJPOBMOJTIGPS
windows and doors; and
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.8 Facades and elevations (continued)
We recommend:
Meter Boxes
t &OTVSJOHNFUFSCPYFTBSFTJUFE
conveniently for external access but be
located so as not to have a detrimental
visual impact on principal building
faades;
t &OTVSJOHZPVDIPPTFCPYFTUIBUBSFJO
keeping with the materials used in the
buildings and position dishes away from
principal faades.
Balconies
t 4IPVMEPOMZCFVTFEXIFSFUIFZXPVME
not adversely aect the privacy of
neighbouring properties;
t 4IPVMECFEFTJHOFEUPDPNQMFNFOUproportion and character of the property
and should line with and follow the detail
of windows on the original house; and
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unclimbable.
. Building design
orches that are heated as part of the houseave a high surface area compared to their
olume and as such reduce the eciency
f the house. Where possible, use porches
s draught-lobbies only set outside of the
sulated envelope of the building.
Balconies cantilevered from building
make avoiding thermal bridges
challenging. Consider whether balco
can be independently supported
or formed on the insulated roof of a
building element beneath.
When specifying glass, considerusing diering glazing for diering
orientations: On southern sides,
poorer U-Values (levels of insulation)
may be acceptable as a trade o for
better G Values (better resistance to
solar gain), whereas on northern side
the reverse is likely to be true.
CTD/imijstudio
Balconies should be outside the thermal bridge.
A sympathetic extension.
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ave you considered the inuence of local
eology on walling materials for your scheme?
he use of Cornish stone, such as slate andanite, promote local industries and are the most
ppropriate response to the locality.
ave you used local or reclaimed materials
herever possible?
.9 Walls
We recommend:
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sourced aggregates in renders or
coatings;
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stone for the predominant use of the
characteristic coursed killas stone for
walls with granite for lintels, quoins and
openings;
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and coursing as closely as possible;
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a traditional building material, where
appropriate.
Render
t 6TJOHSFOEFSBTBOBMUFSOBUJWFUPTUPOF
t $POTJEFSJOHUSBEJUJPOBMCVJMEJOHTXIJDI
may warrant traditional methods of
render such as limewash or hand appliedmortar;
Slate hanging
t 6TJOHTMBUFIBOHJOHBTBGFBUVSFGPSXBMMT
repair existing slate hanging with local or
second-hand slate; and
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keep the fabric of the building ventilated
and dry- avoid coatings, painting or
mortaring existing slate hanging.
. Building design
We recommend you avoid
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for traditional detailing;
t 3JCCPOFEPSTUSVDLQPJOUJOHUPTUPOFXBMMTo
generally use lime mortar in preference to hard
cement mortar;
t "SFBTPGUPLFOTUPOFXPSL
t $PMEHSFZDPMPVSFEDFNFOUSFOEFSBOE
t &YQBOTJPOKPJOUTPSJGVOBWPJEBCMFTIJFMEXJUI
down pipes.
8FMMDPOTJEFSFEMPDBMNBUFSJBMTVTFEBU/PSUI1PJOU1BETUPX
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ave you considered the provision of sucient
orage for bins, cycles and other equipment?
re outbuildings sited to avoid dominating the
operty or neighbouring dwellings?
o property boundaries reect the local
haracter?
.10 Outbuildings, curtilage structures & storage
We recommend:
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larger outbuildings in a way which links
them visually to the main building and one
another;
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or set back to the side of the main building
where they are less visible;
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CVJMEJOHTPGNPEFSBUFTJ[FBOETDBMFBOE
should not compete with the main building
in terms of footprint or height. They should
generally be single storey, simple in design,
. Building design
avoiding the use of domestic features;
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the main building keep it simple and t for
purpose;
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two single doors, vertical boarded timber doors
are generally suitable in traditional context or
styles to match the parent building;
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with Council requirements for general waste,
composting and recycling;
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side or rear of plots. Residents should n
have to access them through a building;
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ideally incorporated within each dwellin
Large space bicycle storage buildings
that do not benet from good natural
surveillance should be avoided; and
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be provided in workplaces, outside
community facilities, shops, schools,
colleges and stations.
Using common materials and building styles to achieve a harmonious whole.
ARCO2Architecture
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.11 Property boundaries and entrances
We recommend: t &OTVSJOHUIFQSPQPTBMSFFDUTUIFMPDBMcharacter and does not urbanise rural areas;
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and not be ornamental in rural areas;
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outside the property which in rural areas
. Building design
needs to remain natural, avoid the unnecessary
use of mounding, kerbing bollards and close
cut grass; and
t 'PMMPXJOHUIFWFSOBDVMBSDPOTUSVDUJPOTUZMFT
that are typical to your locality, the method
of laying and the colour of local stones varies
throughout Cornwall.
We recommend you avoid
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odd angles to the main building line or
boundary features;
... using methods and materials that complement thAlways aim to preserve or enhance the local character of of your surroundings ...
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BTZVTFPGGBDJMJUJFTGPSIPVTFIPMEFSTJTDSJUJDBMUP
e participation in the Councils:
aste and recycling
ollections schemes and the impact they have on
e environment.
BSMZEJBMPHVFXJUIUIF$PVODJMT8BTUF
BOBHFNFOU4FSWJDFJTFTTFOUJBMXIFOQMBOOJOH
ew facilities and developments to ensure
at waste collection services are adequately
ccounted for in any new development or
teration to existing properties.
.12 Waste, recycling and collection
We recommend:
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volume for recycling, composting bins and
refuse containers both outside and in thekitchen;
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for waste from the side or rear of the
property should be designed at the
planning stage;
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possible;
t $POTJEFSJOHUIBUCJOTUPSFTGPSJOEJWJEVBM
or communal storage must always be
maintained and managed by the site
. Building design
owners, should have a minimum impact on
the street scene and be easily accessible to
householders and collection crews;t &OTVSJOHUIFDPOTJEFSBUJPOPGUIFBDDFTT
ventilation, oor covering and ability to
manoeuvre containers should be made;
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with the Councils agreement;
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dramatically reduce or eliminate the need
to reverse a collection vehicle (this being
identied as a high risk operational issue);
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not be required to pass under archways
t &OTVSJOHTJUFMBZPVUTNVTUCFEFTJHOFE
enable waste collection vehicles to turn
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impede the waste collections vehicles
access or eld of vision; and
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assessment of the impact on access for t
collection vehicles should be made at a
times of day.
We recommend you avoid
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CTD/imijstudio
Integrated waste storage conveniently close to pickup poin
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BWFZPVQSPWJEFEB)PNF1SPQFSUZ6TFS(VJEF
r each property to include simple instructions
r occupiers on how the energy performancethe building is designed to work and how the
nergy wand water systems work?
ave you made provision for the maintenance
nd management of developments via adequate
anagement and maintenance schemes to their
ng-term success and eectiveness?
.13 Building maintenance and management
We recommend:
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building, prepare a simple and non-
UFDIOJDBM6TFS(VJEFUIBUDPWFST
information relevant to the occupants
about operation, environmental
performance and maintenance of
the home. The information should be
available in alternative formats and
ideally it should also include tips for
sustainable living;
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can be extended and modied to
increase its lifespan and reduce the
risk of demolition, follow guidance for
Lifetime Homes;
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maintenance buildings and landscape
areas to reduce energy, resources and
time in upkeep and repair;
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Considerate Constructors Scheme procedures;
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Secured by Design New Homes principles.
. Building design
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that utilise good quality, robust materials
that are locally distinct, will withstand local
climatic conditions over time and used in
construction in a way that will facilitate ease
of maintenance;
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which is both, easy to manage and maintain
within economical budgets;
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maintenance from the inception of the
scheme; and
t .PSFJOGPSNBUJPOJTBWBJMBCMFGSPNUIF
BRE Trust
Energy Saving Trust and
Cornwall Sustainable Buildings Trust
Maintenance is due on central heating boiler
for the central heating system on 15 June
Innovative and convenient solutions for the scheduling of maintenance and ease of implementation.
CTD/imijstudio
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The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right8
The restored Anchor Wharf warehouse complex in Penryn with its quays and connecting walkw
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Emphasis should be as much
about the spaces between buildings,
the public realm, as the buildings
themselves. To create successful
neighbourhoods, good quality
housing needs successful streets
and public spaces.
$"#&
Have you considered incorporating
public art as part of your scheme as a way
of tying existing communities together?
Have you involved the local community
with your proposal and identiedopportunities for public art?
The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right8
8.1 Public art8.2 Street furniture8.3 Signs8.4 Street lighting8.5 Surfacing materials8.6 Boundaries & edges
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.1 Public art
We recommend:
t $PNNJTTJPOJOHQVCMJDBSUXPSLTFBSMZJOUIFdesign process;
t $POTJEFSJOHUIFVTFPGMJHIUJOHXBUFS
detailing and materials. This can be powerful
BTBGPSNPGQVCMJDBSU4JNJMBSMZBSUXPSLT
which interact with people, can engage people
for example the
Exchange Penzance
changes colour with movement.
t $POTJEFSJOHUIFVTFPG"SUJTUTBTQBSUPGUIF
design team from the design concept phase
to help to interpret the place, its history
and peoples memories within the local
community;
t 4FFJOHUIFQVCMJDSFBMNBTBTQBDFGPSUIF
community to hold temporary exhibitions,
installations, performances, local choirs and
bands to perform;
t 1SPWJEJOHTNBMMBNPVOUTPGBSUJTUTXPSLTQBDF
within your development can provide a
base for artists and a creative vibe to your
development;
t 1VCMJDSFBMNCVJMEJOHTBOEIPNFTXJUI
elements of artist designs, and/or use of colour
could provide a key selling point for your
. The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right
development making your development stand
out from the crowd; and
t 8IFODPNNJTTJPOJOHBOBSUJTUBSUXPSLEFUFSNJOF
the scope, structure and project budget at this
outset. The commissioning process should take
into account the full lifetime of the work/scheme
including its cost, durability, quality, maintenance
and management over time.
5IFEFMJHIUGVMDPQQFSATICBOJTUFSBU8FMM-BOFJO'BMNPVUI
A5IFESVNNFSPO-FNPO2VBZJO5SVSP
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.2 Street furniture 8.3 Signs
We recommend: We recommend:
. The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right
t 3FUBJOJOHBOENBJOUBJOJOHFYJTUJOH
traditional street signage as far as possib
t 6TJOHXBMMNPVOUFETJHOBHFPOCVJMEJO
and boundary walls wherever possible;
avoid stand-alone signage as it adds to
street clutter, and in particular plastic
signage as it is poor quality visually; and
t 3FEVDJOHIJHIXBZTJHOBHFUPBMMUIBUJT
necessary in collaboration with informat
and safely designed trac schemes to
respect the character of the particular ar
t $POTJEFSJOHTUSFFUGVSOJUVSFTJHOBHF
and lighting which should be kept toa minimum to create a harmonious
streetscape;
t 6TJOHVOPCUSVTJWFIJHIRVBMJUZUGPS
purpose, coordinated materials and colour
which are low in maintenance and reect
local details in the design to reinforce
character;
t -PDBUJOHTUSFFUGVSOJUVSFBMPOHEFTJSFMJOFT
and avoid obstruction to openings and
footways.
Using regional natural material helps to give signage authenticity and long levity.Period replica benches t well into this historic location.
A lovely touch that will last many years.
CornwallCouncil
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.4 Street lighting
We recommend:
t &OTVSJOHUIBUBMMOFXEFWFMPQNFOUis adequately lit unless the location
prohibits its use;
t &OTVSJOHTUSFFUMJHIUJOHJTDPOTJEFSFEBT
part of the overall design;
t 5IBUUIFEFTJHOPGMJHIUJOHBOEQMBOUJOH
schemes should be integrated to
avoid the potential for conict or
compromise;
t 5IBUUIFDIBSBDUFSPGUIFBSFBXJMM
be reected in the scale and colour
of lighting. In general the height of
lighting columns should not be greater
than the predominant eaves height of
buildings dening the street;
t 8IFSFQPTTJCMFVTFCVJMEJOHXBMM
mounted lighting to help keep the
public realm simple;
t -JHIUJOHQSPWJTJPOTIPVMESFFDU
the streets function and ac tivity. For
example, street lighting in the centre of
a town may be more intense than that
in rural villages;
t -JHIUJOHTDIFNFTTIPVMETFFLUP
design out crime and be located to
prevent dark areas; and
t -JHIUJOHJTEFTJHOFEUPNJOJNJTF
disturbance to bats.
. The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right
We recommend you avoid
t -JHIUJOHTDIFNFTUIBUJOUFSGFSFXJUIUIFLFZ
views, features and landmarks;
t *ODPSQPSBUJOH$$57VOMFTTTVDITVSWFJMMBODFJT
necessary.
Lighting should be in keeping with its surroundings and provide adequate luminance for safety reasons.
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ave you considered how your
hoice of surface materials integrates
ew development into the existingwnscape, and reinforces the
haracter and locally distinct features
a particular area by the use of local
aterials and methods?
oes your choice of surface
aterial allow for ease of access and
aintenance, and replacement for like-
r-like materials to minimise the visual
vidence of repair?
your paving and other hard surfaces
esigned to suit the character of the
cality and is it made from high quality,
atural materials wherever possible,
last longer, look more attractive and
n be recycled?
ave you, in historic townscape areas,
ken into account retention of granite
tts and paviours and other historicrfacing that adds patination
nd historic distinction to areas.
OHMJTI)FSJUBHFIBTQSPEVDFE
etailed advice on:
treet design & good practice
.5 Surfacing materials
We recommend:
t 6TJOHIJHIRVBMJUZOBUVSBMNBUFSJBMTGPSpaving and hard surfaces;
t 6TJOHSPCVTUNBUFSJBMTUIBUSFFDUUIF
tradition of the location, e.g. tarmac for
access roads of a grey aggregate top
type in rural areas or hard core (hoggin)
for country lanes and paths. Use greys
and avoiding brown or red which is not
locally distinct; wherever possible create
permeable surfaces to reduce run o;
t 6TJOHNBUFSJBMTJODPOTUSVDUJPOBOE
maintenance that are resilient to the
impacts of climate change, and provide
access and ease of maintenance in terms
of services and utilities;
t 6TJOHSFDZDMFEXBTUFQSPEVDUTHFOFSBUFE
from transport maintenance and
improvement schemes, taking into
account the best use of that material;
t 1SPUFDUJOHBOENBJOUBJOFYJTUJOHIJTUPSJD
or unique surface materials. Where
works are necessary seek guidance
GSPNUIF$PVODJMT)JTUPSJD&OWJSPONFOU
4FSWJDFQSJPSUPDPNNFODFNFOUBOE
liaise with the local community to assess
their requirements. The damage or loss
of historic or unique fabric can cause
negative impacts on the character and
. The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right
quality of heritage assets that form paof the public realm;
t $POTJEFSJOHUIFVTFPGQPSPVTBOE
natural materials in areas, which warra
a light touch due to the character of
the particular location, or for areas
of infrequent use i.e. grasscrete in
conjunction with sustainable urban
drainage systems;
t -JNJUJOHTVSGBDJOHNBUFSJBMTUPBQBMFU
of 3 materials; do not create large
expanses of a single material; and
t 6TJOHEJFSFOUNBUFSJBMTUPCSFBLVQ
and dene areas; keep paving pattern
simple stretcher bond pattern for
paving rather than elaborate patterns
CornwallCouncil
Bespoke paving that mirrors the period building and uses local materials.
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ave properties got a dened boundary, which
gregates private and public space?
oes the type of boundary proposed t in with
e character of the location and any distinctive
cal traditions?
ave you incorporated planted boundaries to
nsure biodiversity and biodiversity corridors and
tained locally distinct features?
.6 Boundaries and edges
We recommend:
t %FOJOHCPVOEBSJFTDMFBSMZBOE
consistently to create harmony and a
strong unied identity and sense of place
tie new and old developments together;
t $IPPTJOHBQQSPQSJBUFUZQFTPGCPVOEBSZ
such as:
Cornish hedgerows & hedge banks
to delineate eld boundaries and form part
of domestic boundaries where they border
the open countryside;
t %FTJHOJOHCPVOEBSJFTUPSFFDUUIPTFJO
the immediate vicinity to the site and the
location of the site;
t &OTVSJOHGSPOUCPVOEBSZUZQFEPFTOPU
unduly compromise surveillance particularly
to footpaths and cycle routes; and
t /FJHICPVSJOHCPVOEBSZUSFBUNFOUT
around the building must provideadequate security and be overlooked
wherever possible, e.g. corners, gable ends.
Stone walls
t 6TJOHMPDBMHSBOJUF,JMMBTPSPUIFSMPDBM
stone for walls with granite posts at
entrances being typical;
t .BUDIJOHFYJTUJOHMPDBMTUPOFTJ[FDPMPVS
and coursing as closely as possible;
. The spaces between buildings getting the detailing right
The Dry Stone Walling Association
has produced detailed information on the
construction and maintenance of walls, banks
and hedges. Cornish hedges are historically
stone-clad hedges with an earth core.
Fences & railings
t 6TJOHTJNQMFUJNCFSGFODFTPGBQQSPQSJBUF
height and colour nish where necessary and
appropriate;
t 3BJMJOHTNBZCFBQQSPQSJBUFBEWJDFTIPVME
be sought from Cornwall Council or the Parish
Council in the use of railings, in particular
style and nish.
Gates & entrances
t &OUSBODFHBUFTTIPVMECFTJNQMFBOETI
match the style of adjacent boundaries,
the character, scale of the property and t
street scene;
t *OHFOFSBMUJNCFSHBUFTBSFNPSFBUUSBDU
and conducive to rural character areas th
metal often taking the form of eld ga
t .FUBMHBUFTHJWFEJTUJODUJWFFOUSBODFT
to many older/traditional buildings and
spaces, e.g. schools, parks, cemeteries.
Yards at the rivers edge utilise native stone & brick at Truro water front.
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Energy conservation9
A wholistic approach to energy conservation using a mix of insulation, thermal mass passive heating and wood stove at this rural dwelling near Constantine.
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9.1 Insulation9.2 Thermal mass9.3 Passive & active solar design9.4 Solar photovoltaics & solar thermal water heating9.5 Wind turbines9.6 Ground & air source heat pumps9.7 Choose appliances & systems to minimise
energy & resource demand
9.8 Water conservation9.9 Pollution
In order to improve the environmental
sustainability of homes in the UK, the
Code for Sustainable homes
was created to provide a national standard to
reduce the impact in running them.
For oce and industrial development a
dierent system of assessment is used k nown
BTUIF#3&&".SBUJOH
The design philosophy should be consistent
with an Integrated Energy Designcreated for the project.
GovernmentEnglish Heritage
Cornwall Council
have also each produced detailed
guidance to inform an energy strategy.
Energy conservation9
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uge energy savings can be made through the
etrotting of insulation in older properties
nd the incorporation of high levels of insulation
new buildings. A variety of insulating materials
e available with dierent levels of insulation
ciency.
Have materials with a high thermal mass such as
stone, brick terracotta and concrete been used to
ensure a steady temperature throughout the dayand the night?
.1 Insulation 9.2 Thermal mass
We recommend: We recommend:
t &OTVSJOH XJUI UIF IFMQ PG BO BQQSPQSJBUF
professional advisor, a choice of materials
with high thermal mass that suit the
character of the area;
t $POTJEFSJOH WBSJPVT GBDUPST JODMVEJOH UIF
arrangement of the materials, type, numb
and position of doors and windows; other
heat sources, occupation levels and the
external environment;
t 'BDUPSJOH JO UIBU ZPV NBZ OFFE FYUSB
insulation to achieve the desired thermal
capacity; and
t $POTJEFSJOH UIBU TPNF TVSGBDF OJTIFT TV
as carpet can reduce a materials ability to
store and release heat. You should consid
this when deciding on internal nishes.
. Energy conservation
existing buildings, ensure the
sulation used is appropriate to the
etained building construction vapour
ermeable constructions (typical of older
uildings) will need vapour permeable
sulation, whereas vapour impermeable
onstruction can tolerate impermeable
sulation (such as polystyrene and many
ther modern insulants).
4JNPO$POEFS"TTPDJBUFT
Innovative design making full use of south-facing aspect & thermal mass.
t *OTVMBUJPOTIPVMECFJOTUBMMFEJOBMMNBJO
elements of a building: walls, roofs and
oors so that all sections overlap with no
breaks in the thermal envelope, and should
be environmentally friendly;
t *OTVMBUJPOTIPVMECFUUFEDPSSFDUMZUP
avoid thermal bridges (cold spots);
t 8JOEPXTBOEEPPSTTIPVMECFEPVCMFPS
USJQMFHMB[FEBOE
t 'JUUJOHJOTVMBUJOHQSPEVDUTUIBUBSFBT
environmentally friendly as possible for
example locally produced wool batts,
recycled newspaper and hemp.
erma mass ca n e so a r- n e or
internal. Solar-linked uses the mass
o capture the suns heat and retain it,
hereas internal captures internal hea
rom the space. Solar-linked thermal
mass will need active management an
areful solar design, whereas internal
ill need less management and acts a
thermal ywheel to moderate the
xtremes of temperature inside a spac
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ave buildings been positioned and oriented
their plots so they get maximum sunlight in
arden areas and plenty of daylight inside?
ill buildings get passive solar gain in cold
eather and passive solar cooling in hot
eather?
.3 Passive and active solar design
We recommend:
t 1MBDJOHXJOEPXTXIFSFUIFZXJMMHJWFFOPVHI
daylight to every habitable room. Consider
JOTUBMMJOHSPPGMJHIUTBOEATVOQJQFTUPQSPWJEF
daylight to areas without windows;
t 1BJOUJOHSPPNTJOMJHIUDPMPVSTUPIFMQNBLFU
most of natural light;
t 1PTJUJPOJOHMJWJOHSPPNTUPUIFTPVUIPGBCVJ
to get the best natural heat and light. Position
service rooms and circulation areas to the nor
t *ODMVEJOHNBUFSJBMTXJUIIJHIUIFSNBMNBTTX
the building structure to absorb the suns hea
energy; and
t $POTJEFSJOHXIFSFQPTTJCMFVTJOHATVOTQBDFT
conservatories on southern facades to captur
and store heat during the daytime which can
be released into the house at night or be used
BCVFS[POFUPUIFPVUTJEFBJSUFNQFSBUVSF
t 1SPWJEJOHTIBEJOHUPTPVUIGBDJOHXJOEPXTUP
prevent overheating in summer months; and
t $POTJEFSJOHXIFSFBQQSPQSJBUFSFEVDJOHUIF
buildings exposure to the external environme
by setting it into the ground and designing
compact plan designs which also reduce the
external wall surface.
We recommend you avoid
t 1SPKFDUJPOTPOCVJMEJOHTUIBUXPVMEDBVTF
permanent shade on north facades.
. Energy conservation
1BVM
4NPPUIZ
The spacious interiour of a passive solar gain house.
e optimum theoretical building form
retain heat is a sphere, as this has the
rgest volume within the smallest surface
ea. Conversely, buildings with very large
rface areas proportional to their volume
nd to need to use excessive energy to
aintain comfort conditions internally.
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BWFTPMBSQIPUPWPMUBJDT17CFFOcorporated into the design of the
heme/buildings?
ou can include systems into designs for
omes, oces, factories, public buildings
c. The electricity produced can be used
rectly, fed back into the national grid or
sed to charge batteries.
FUBJMFEQMBOOJOHHVJEBODFGPS17DBO
e found on the
ornwall Council website
.4 Solar photovoltaics and solar thermal water heating
We recommend:
t 1PTJUJPOJOHQBOFMTPOCVJMEJOH
surfaces that face south within 90
degrees. They work best if they
are not overshadowed and ideally
on a pitch of between 30 and 40
degrees;
t .BLJOHTVSFUIBUSPPGTBSFTUSPOH
FOPVHIUPIPMEUIF17TZTUFNBOE
that the design allows for system
maintenance;and
t :PVDBOSFEVDFZPVSUPUBM
CVJMEDPTUCZVTJOH17JOTUFBE
of standard roof tiles where
appropriate (compared to
JOTUBMMJOH17POBMSFBEZUJMFESPPGT
. Energy conservation
CTD/imijstudio
CTD/imijstudio
4VDDFTTGVMJOUFHSBUJPOPGBQIPUPWPMUBJDJOTUBMMBUJPOPOOFXMZCVJMUWFSOBDVMBSTUZMFIPVTF
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Detailed planning guidance for wind
turbines can be found on the
Cornwall Council website
.5 Wind turbines
We recommend:
t %FUBJMFEMPDBMXJOEEBUBTIPVMECF
collected to nd out the best place to
put the turbine and how well it will work.
(FOFSBMMZUVSCJOFTXPSLCFTUPOUPXFSTPS
masts away from excessive turbulence and
obstructions, such as trees and buildings.
However, some types have been specially
designed for urban locations;
t 5VSCJOFTTIPVMECFMPDBUFEUPFOTVSFUIBU
the visual and noise impacts are as little as
possible. Consider the character of the area
and individual buildings; and
t 1BSUJDVMBSDBSFJTUBLFOXIFOJOTUBMMJOH
wind turbines in areas of historic
importance (within conservation areas,
UIF8PSME)FSJUBHF4JUFBOEDMPTFUPMJTU
buildings, ancient monuments and histo
parks and gardens).
. Energy conservation
Minimise impact on the surrounding area. 5IFWFSUJDBMBYJTXJOEUVSCJOFBU'BMNPVUI4DIPPM
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SPVOEBOEBJSTPVSDFIFBUQVNQTDBOQSPWJEF
eating, hot water or both by transferring heat
ored naturally in the environment (warmthored from the sun) into a building.
.6 Ground and air source heat pumps
t $IFDLJOHUIFTJUFUPTFFJGJU
JTTVJUBCMF(SPVOEMPPQTBSF
either inserted vertically in
boreholes or in straight/spiral
IPSJ[POUBMSVOT5IFTFBSF
cheaper but take up a lot of
land area;
t $POTJEFSJOHPOFYJTUJOH
properties reducing heating
needs by improving insulation
prior to before nding out the
TJ[FPGUIFNPTUFDJFOUIFBU
pump. Heat pumps work best
in reasonably well insulated
and air tight. If a building is not
well insulated then additional
heating systems may be needed
in the coldest months; and
t 'PSHSFBUFSFDJFODJFTJOOFX
buildings, try to combine the
system installation with other
building works.
. Energy conservation
When installing ground surface nishes,
onsider whether the exible ground pipes
sed for ground coupling or ground source
eat pumps can be included. At a minimal
xtra cost whilst the groundworks are
nderway, the ground pipes can then lay
ormant until needed, saving considerable
osts in installation costs later.
Contemporary ground source heat pump installation.We recommend:
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echanical systems such as heating, hot water
nd lighting systems should be as ecient as
ossible to minimise energy use in buildings.
Have development proposals used sustainable
water sources and design methods for ecient
use of water resources for both internal andexternal water consumption?
Further information and case studies using
practical solutions refer to the
Sustainable Building Guide
and
Cornwall Sustainable BuildingTrust website
.7 Choose appliances and systems tominimise energy and resource demand
9.8 Water conservation
We recommend: We recommend:
t (FUUJOHUIFSJHIUTJ[FIFBUJOHBQQMJBODFTUP
meet your needs with minimal energy wasted;
t %FTJHOJOHMBSHFSCVJMEJOHTXJUIJOUFHSBM
environmental management systems to
maximise eciency of mechanical installations.
t *OTUBMMJOHXBUFSNFUFSTXBUFS
saving devices, ecient xtures and
appliances such as dual ush / low ush
toilets, aerated spray taps, low ow
showers and low volume baths;
t %FTJHOJOHHBSEFOTUPCFESPVHIU
resistant by using indigenous planting;
t %JWFSUJOHSBJOXBUFSUPBTPBLBXBZ
instead of a sewer and receive a
discount to your water bill;
t *OTUBMMJOHBEWBODFESBJOXBUFS
harvesting systems (unless site
conditions are such that it is not
possible) where rainwater is stored and
used in non-potable applications such
as toilet ushing, laundry, cleaning and
garden use. If installation is within a
historic building, any required storage
tanks and pumps should be sensitively
positioned to avoid damaging theoriginal fabric;
t *OTUBMMJOHHSFZXBUFSSFDZDMJOHTZTUFNT
where basin and shower water is
ltered and treated for use in the toilet
or garden; and
t 3FPQFOJOHBOENBLFVTBCMFIJTUPSJD
wells and village pumps to provide
additional communal water source to
towns and villages.
. Energy conservation
When specifying water ttings, consider
their use. Kitchen taps will be used to ll
pots and pans, so the actual volume of
water is important, whereas hand-basin
and sink taps are primarily for washing,
where the volume of water is less important
but the sensation of wetness is key; this can
be met by very low ow rate, aerator.
1BVM4NPPUIZ
Dual burn high specication stove at Porthtowan.
designing for real res, look for closed
ombustion, single fuel stoves. These
mit the fuel to wood (therefore avoiding
oal) and draw their air from a dedicated
take directly from outside, sealing the
ove from the room and preventing
raughts and heat loss. If an open re is
navoidable, ensure the chimney can be
osed when its not in use.
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ave you put in place systems that minimise
olluting emissions to water, air and soil during
onstruction and occupation of the building?
.9 Pollution
We recommend:
t .JOJNJTJOHOPJTFEVTUBOEMJHIUOVJTBODFUP
neighbours during construction by working
within daylight hours and clearing any waste
from the site responsibly;
t 5FTUJOHTPJMCFGPSFFYDBWBUJOHJUUPBWPJE
disturbing contaminated material;
t %JTQPTJOHPGBOZBTCFTUPTTBGFMZ
t .JOJNJTJOHBOZFNJTTJPOTGSPNIFBUJOH
DPPMJOHBOEWFOUJMBUJPOTZTUFNT4QFDJGZ
heating plants with low nitrous oxide
emissions and cooling systems which do
OPUVTFP[POFEFQMFUJOHPSHMPCBMXBSNJOH
substances;
t 3FEVDJOHOPJTFQPMMVUJPOEVSJOHPDDVQBUJPO
by installing adequate sound insulation in
walls, oors and plant rooms, especially in
ats and terraced / semi-detached houses;
t 3FEVDJOHOPJTFJNQBDUTGSPNSPBET
railways and industrial sites by using
EPVCMFHMB[JOHPOBMMBTQFDUTFYQPTFE
UPIJHIOPJTFMFWFMT/BUVSBMWFOUJMBUJPO
may not be a practical option on aspects
exposed to high noise levels;
t 3FEVDJOHMJHIUQPMMVUJPOCZVTJOH
directional and appropriate external
lighting;
t 3FEVDJOHJOUFSOBMBJSQPMMVUJPOCZVTJOH
natural nishing products, such as paints
and oor coverings;
. Energy conservation
t 3FNPWJOHTUBMFBOEQPMMVUJPOBJSBOESFEVDF
damp related to condensation through
natural and mechanical ventilation where
appropriate.
t .JOJNJTJOHFNCPEJFEQPMMVUJPOCZ
specifying local natural materials which are
manufactured without toxic chemicals;
t 'PMMPXJOHQSPDFEVSFTEFTDSJCFEJOUIF
Considerate Constructors Scheme an
t 5SBDSFMBUFEFNJTTJPOTTIPVMECFNJUJHBU
UISPVHIB4VTUBJOBCMF5SBOTQPSU1MBO
Always be careful what may be buried in the site.
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Rural buildings10
Rural idyll within the heart of Cornwall which needs preseving for future generations.
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as the design and siting of the building
ken into account the impact upon existing
ttlements and landscape settings?
as consideration of the proposals from all
ew-points been taken?
as natural landform and topography been
sed to help screen larger buildings?
We recommend:
t 'JUUJOHMBZPVUPGUIFCVJMEJOHTUPUIF
characteristic natural grain of the
landscape in rural locations;
t 3FUBJOJOHFYJTUJOHOBUVSBMGFBUVSFTPOUIF
site and maintaining them, e.g. trees and
Cornish Hedges and use them as the basis
to inform the new landscaping structure to
help to integrate the new building within
its surroundings;
t "MJHOJOHCVJMEJOHTQBSBMMFMXJUIUIF
contours on sloping sites;
t *ONPSFSVSBMTJUVBUJPOTTJUJOHOFX
buildings in folds of the landform to
provide screening and shelter and better
integration within the landscape, retaining
trees and hedges and respecting eld
patterns;
t .BLJOHVTFPGFYJTUJOHZBSETBOE
roads where ever possible rather thanintroducing new features into the
landscape;
t "WPJEJOHQPTJUJPOJOHCVJMEJOHTPOUIFDSFTU
of hillsand reducing visual impact by relating
the colour and materials to the landscape;
t 8IFSFBMBSHFBNPVOUPGBDDPNNPEBUJPO
is required, place smaller units towards the
main views to minimise the visual impact;
t %JHHJOHMBSHFCVJMEJOHTJOUPUIFHSPVOEJO
rural or urban fringe locations on sloping
sites may be appropriate if compatible with
local landscape character, and only after an
archaeological assessment;
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set backs create a coherent pattern of
buildings and consider sensitivity in terms
of visibility and impact upon views and
vistas (see section on character areas);
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span structures rather than single span
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building plans can help to break-up the
apparent mass of new, large buildings;
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or well-positioned elements such as doors,
0. Rural buildings
downpipes and timber boarding. Make roof
darker than walls;
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use locally distinct materials slate, hoggin
or granite chippings to dene spaces;
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while fullling its function;
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opportunities for biodiversity; and
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and a limited colour palette. Tones of grey,
grey green, dark green, and brown make
the building appear more recessive in the
landscape; colours should get their cue from
the surrounding context.
Farmhouse conversion at Zennor, West Penwith.
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ornwall Design Guide | Cornwall Council 2013 section contents
0.1 Agricultural and equestrian
We recommend:
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complex unless they warrant isolation forpractical reasons;
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they should follow traditional farmstead
patterns of development complexes;
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with the use of well positioned downpipes,
doors and timber boarding;
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especially in small f armyard groups;
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around new agricultural buildings to besympathetic to the local context;
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appropriately low key and rural in
character. Keep entrance gates simple
and match with the style of adjacent
boundaries timber gates are preferable;
and
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points and provide adequate, appropriate
screening.
0. Rural buildings
The listed, post medieval small moorland farm in need of sympathetic restorat
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ornwall Design Guide | Cornwall Council 2013 main contents
Editors:
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Design, layout & production:
Christian Topf Design (CTD)
www.ctd-studio.co.uk
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Acknowledgements
Cornwall CouncilPlanning & Regeneration
First published in March 2013 (tbc)
All content believed correct at time of public
While Cornwall Council endeavours to ensur
accuraccy of all content it cannot be held respons
for any errors that may be contained within this g
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CTD/imijstudio
The beuatifully restored Anchor Wharehouse complex in Penryn.
Cornwall Design Guide
Publicationst 2VBMJUZ3FWJFXFS
3PC$PXBO4DPUU"EBNTBOE%BWJE$IBQNBO
published by Thomas Telford, 2010.
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Contributors:
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ornwall Design Guide | Cornwall Council 2013 main contents
Cornwall Council
Planning & Regeneration
Circuit House
Truro, Cornwall
53(5
01726 223 461
CORNWALL
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