CCNA Routing and Switching Chapter-1-2-3 MME

Chapter 1:Exploring the Network

Introduction to Networks

Chapter 2:Configuring a Network OS

Chapter 3:Network Protocols and Communications

Mohammad Mamun ElahiAssistant Professor, Department of CSE

Instructor, UIU Cisco Networking Academy

Providing Resources in a NetworkNetworks of Many Sizes

Providing Resources in a NetworkClients and Servers

Providing Resources in a NetworkPeer-to-Peer

LANs, WANs, and InternetsComponents of a Network

There are three categories of network components: Devices Media Services

Components of a NetworkNetwork Media

Components of a NetworkNetwork Representations

Components of a NetworkTopology Diagrams

LANs and WANsTypes of Networks

The two most common types of network infrastructures are: Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN).

Other types of networks include: Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wireless LAN (WLAN) Storage Area Network (SAN)

LANs and WANsLocal Area Networks (LAN)

LANs and WANsWide Area Networks (WAN)

LANs, WANs, and InternetsThe Internet

The InternetIntranet and Extranet

LANs, WANs, and InternetsInternet Access Technologies

Connecting to the InternetConnecting Remote Users to the Internet

Connecting to the InternetConnecting Businesses to the Internet

Converged NetworksThe Converging Network

Reliable NetworkSupporting Network Architecture

As networks evolve, we are discovering that there are four basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to address in order to meet user expectations: Fault Tolerance Scalability Quality of Service (QoS) Security

Reliable NetworkFault Tolerance in Circuit Switched Network

Reliable NetworkPacket-Switched Networks

Reliable NetworkScalable Networks

Reliable NetworkProviding (QoS)

Examples of priority decisions for an organization might include: Time-sensitive communication - increase priority for services

like telephony or video distribution. Non time-sensitive communication - decrease priority for web

page retrieval or email. High importance to organization - increase priority for

production control or business transaction data. Undesirable communication - decrease priority or block

unwanted activity, like peer-to-peer file sharing or live entertainment

Reliable NetworkProviding Network Security

Network TrendsData Centers

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components including: Redundant data communications connections High-speed virtual servers (sometimes referred to as server

farms or server clusters) Redundant storage systems (typically uses SAN technology) Redundant or backup power supplies Environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire

suppression) Security devices

Networking Technologies for the HomeTechnology Trends in the Home

Networking Technologies for the HomeWireless Broadband

Future of NetworkingNetwork Security

Network SecuritySecurity Threats

The most common external threats to networks include: Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses Spyware and adware Zero-day attacks, also called zero-hour attacks Hacker attacks Denial of service attacks Data interception and theft Identity theft

Network SecuritySecurity Solutions

Network security components often include: Antivirus and antispyware Firewall filtering Dedicated firewall systems Access control lists (ACL) Intrusion prevention systems (IPS) Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

Chapter 2

2.1 IOS Bootcamp

2.2 Getting Basic

2.3 Address Schemes

2.4 Summary

Cisco IOSOperating Systems

All networking equipment dependent on operating systems End users (PCs, laptops, smart phones, tablets) Switches Routers Wireless access points Firewalls

Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Collection of network operating systems used on Cisco devices

Cisco IOSOperating Systems

Cisco IOSLocation of the Cisco IOS

IOS stored in Flash Non-volatile storage – not lost when power is lost Can be changed or overwritten as needed Can be used to store multiple versions of IOS IOS copied from flash to volatile RAM Quantity of flash and RAM memory determines IOS that can be used

Cisco IOSIOS FunctionsMajor functions performed or enabled by Cisco routers and switches include:

Accessing a Cisco IOS DeviceConsole Access Method

Most common methods to access the Command Line Interface Console Telnet or SSH AUX port

Accessing a Cisco IOS DeviceConsole Access Method

Console port Device is accessible even if no networking services have been

configured (out-of-band) Need a special console cable Allows configuration commands to be entered Should be configured with passwords to prevent unauthorized

access Device should be located in a secure room so console port can not

be easily accessed

Accessing a Cisco IOS DeviceTelnet, SSH, and AUX Access MethodsTelnet Method for remotely accessing the CLI over a network Require active networking services and one active interface that is

configured

Secure Shell (SSH) Remote login similar to Telnet but utilizes more security Stronger password authentication Uses encryption when transporting data

Aux Port Out-of-band connection Uses telephone line Can be used like console port

Accessing a Cisco IOS DeviceTerminal Emulation Programs

Software available for connecting to a networking device PuTTY Tera Term SecureCRT HyperTerminal OS X Terminal

Navigating the IOSCisco IOS Modes of Operation

Navigating the IOSPrimary Modes

Navigating the IOSGlobal Configuration Mode and Submodes

Navigating the IOSNavigating between IOS Modes

Navigating the IOSNavigating between IOS Modes (cont.)

The Command StructureIOS Command Structure

The Command StructureContext Sensitive Help

The Command StructureCommand Syntax Check

The Command StructureHot Keys and Shortcuts

Tab - Completes the remainder of a partially typed command or keyword

Ctrl-R - Redisplays a line Ctrl-A – Moves cursor to the beginning of the line Ctrl-Z - Exits configuration mode and returns to user EXEC Down Arrow - Allows the user to scroll forward through former

commands Up Arrow - Allows the user to scroll backward through former

commands Ctrl-Shift-6 - Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such

as ping or traceroute. Ctrl-C - Aborts the current command and exits the configuration

The Command StructureIOS Examination Commands

The Command StructureThe show version Command

HostnamesWhy the Switch

Let’s focus on Creating a two PC network connected via a switch Setting a name for the switch Limiting access to the device configuration Configuring banner messages Saving the configuration

HostnamesDevice Names

Some guidelines for naming conventions are that names should: Start with a letter Contain no spaces End with a letter or digit Use only letters, digits, and dashes Be less than 64 characters in length

Without names, network devices are difficult to

identify for configuration purposes.

HostnamesHostnames

Hostnames allow devices to be identified by network administrators over a network or the Internet.

HostnamesConfiguring Hostnames

Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsSecuring Device Access

The passwords introduced here are:

Enable password - Limits access to the privileged EXEC mode

Enable secret - Encrypted, limits access to the privileged EXEC mode

Console password - Limits device access using the console connection

VTY password - Limits device access over Telnet

Note: In most of the labs in this course, we will be using simple passwords such as cisco or class.

Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsSecuring Privileged EXEC Access

use the enable secret command, not the older enable password command

enable secret provides greater security because the password is encrypted

Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsSecuring User EXEC Access

Console port must be secured• reduces the chance of unauthorized personnel physically

plugging a cable into the device and gaining device access

vty lines allow access to a Cisco device via Telnet• number of vty lines supported varies with the type of

device and the IOS version

Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsEncrypting Password Display

service password-encryption prevents

passwords from showing up as plain text when viewing the configuration

purpose of this command is to keep unauthorized individuals from viewing passwords in the configuration file

once applied, removing the encryption service does not reverse the encryption

Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsBanner Messages important part of

the legal process in the event that someone is prosecuted for breaking into a device

wording that implies that a login is "welcome" or "invited" is not appropriate

often used for legal notification because it is displayed to all connected terminals

Saving ConfigurationsConfiguration Files

Switch# reloadSystem configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: nProceed with reload? [confirm]

Startup configuration is removed by using the erase startup-configSwitch# erase startup-config

On a switch you must also issue the delete vlan.dat

Switch# delete vlan.dat Delete filename [vlan.dat]?Delete flash:vlan.dat? [confirm]

Saving ConfigurationsCapturing Text

Ports and AddressesIP Addressing in the Large Each end device on a

network must be configured with an IP address

Structure of an IPv4 address is called dotted decimal

IP address displayed in decimal notation, with four decimal numbers between 0 and 255

With the IP address, a subnet mask is also necessary

IP addresses can be assigned to both physical ports and virtual interfaces

Ports and AddressesInterfaces and Ports Network communications depend on end user device interfaces,

networking device interfaces, and the cables that connect them Types of network media include twisted-pair copper cables, fiber-

optic cables, coaxial cables, or wireless Different types of network media have different features and benefits Ethernet is the most common local area network (LAN) technology Ethernet ports are found on end user devices, switch devices, and

other networking devices Cisco IOS switches have physical ports for devices to connect to, but

also have one or more switch virtual interfaces (SVIs - no physical hardware on the device associated with it; created in software)

SVI provides a means to remotely manage a switch over a network

Addressing DevicesConfiguring a Switch Virtual Interface

IP address - together with subnet mask, uniquely identifies end device on internetwork

Subnet mask - determines which part of a larger network is used by an IP address

interface VLAN 1 - interface configuration mode ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 - configures the IP address

and subnet mask for the switch no shutdown - administratively enables the interface Switch still needs to have physical ports configured and VTY lines to

enable remote management

Addressing DevicesManual IP Address Configuration for End Devices

Addressing DevicesAutomatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices

Addressing DevicesIP Address Conflicts

Verifying ConnectivityTest the Loopback Address on an End Device

Verifying ConnectivityTesting the Interface Assignment

Verifying ConnectivityTesting End-to-End Connectivity

Chapter 3

3.1 Rules of Communication3.2 Network Protocols and Standards3.3 Moving Data in the Network3.4 Summary

The RulesWhat is Communication?

The RulesMessage Formatting and Encapsulation

Example: Personal letter contains the following elements: An identifier of the recipient A salutation or greeting The message content A closing phrase An identifier of the sender

The RulesMessage Delivery Options

ProtocolsRules that Govern Communications

ProtocolsNetwork Protocols How the message is formatted or structured The process by which networking devices share information

about pathways with other networks How and when error and system messages are passed

between devices The setup and termination of data transfer sessions

ProtocolsInteraction of Protocols Application Protocol – Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Transport Protocol – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol – Internet Protocol (IP) Network Access Protocols – Data Link & Physical layers

Protocol SuitesProtocol Suites and Industry Standards

Protocol SuitesTCP/IP Protocol Suite and Communication

Reference ModelsThe OSI Reference Model

Reference ModelsThe TCP/IP Reference Model

Reference ModelsComparing the OSI and TCP/IP Models

Data EncapsulationCommunicating the Messages Segmenting message benefits

Different conversations can be interleavedIncreased reliability of network communications

Segmenting message disadvantageIncreased level of complexity

Data EncapsulationProtocol Data Units (PDUs) Data Segment Packet Frame Bits

Data EncapsulationEncapsulation

Data EncapsulationDe-encapsulation

Moving Data in the NetworkAccessing Local Resources

Accessing Local ResourcesNetwork Addresses & Data Link addresses Network Address

Source IP addressDestination IP address

Data Link AddressSource data link addressDestination data link address

Accessing Local ResourcesCommunicating with Device / Same Network

Accessing Local ResourcesMAC and IP Addresses

PC1192.168.1.110

AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA

PC2192.168.1.111

BB-BB-BB-BB-BB-BB

FTP Server192.168.1.9

CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC

R1192.168.1.1

11-11-11-11-11-11ARP

RequestS1 R1

Accessing Remote ResourcesDefault Gateway

PC 1192.168.1.110

AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA

PC 2192.168.1.111

BB-BB-BB-BB-BB-BB

FTP Server192.168.1.9

CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC

R1192.168.1.1

11-11-11-11-11-11

R2172.16.1.99

22-22-22-22-22-22

Web Server172.16.1.99

AB-CD-EF-12-34-56

Accessing Remote ResourcesCommunicating Device / Remote Network

Accessing Remote ResourcesUsing Wireshark to View Network Traffic

CCNA Routing and Switching Chapter-1-2-3 MME

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