Transcript
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
1/147
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
2/147
P
P A router is a special type of computer.
It has the same basic components as a standard
desktop PC.
However, routers are designed to perform some veryspecific functions.
Just as computers need operating systems to run
software applications.
routers need the Internetwork Operating Systemsoftware (IOS) to run configuration files.
These configuration files contain the instructions and
parameters that control the flow of traffic in and out of
the routers.
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
3/147
P
PRouters Two types routers
1. Fixed Router:
In this type router the ports are fixed We cant add or remove the ports
Ex: 2500 Series Router
2. Modular Router:
In this type of router we can add or
remove
the ports.
Ex: 3640 Router
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
4/147
P
P
Serial WAN ports can be fixed
Fixed Interfaces
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
5/147
P
P
WAN Interface Card
Modular Interfaces
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
6/147
P
P
Different Types Ports in a Router
1. Ethernet Port - To connect LAN
2. Serial Port - To connect WAN through MODEM
3. BRI /PRI - To connect WAN without MODEM
4. Console Port - To access the IOS (direct)
5. AUX - To access the IOS from WAN through
MODEM
6. VTY - To access (TELNET) the IOS from LAN
PCs
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
7/147
P
P
Different Types Ports in a Router
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
8/147
P
P
Access IOS
1. Using Console Port (direct)
2. Using Aux Port from WAN through MODEM
3. Using VTY (TELNET) from LAN PCs
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
9/147
P
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
10/147
P
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
11/147
P
PStep 1: Start All Programs Accessories Communications HyperTerminal
Step 2: Open HyperTerminal Folder
Step 3: Describe Connection
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
12/147
P
PStep 4: Select COM port to be used
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
13/147
P
P
Step 5: Select properties
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
14/147
P
P
Connect Disconnect
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
15/147
P
P
Router Memory
IOSStarting
Config
Or
Saved
Config
Running
Config
POST
BOOT
-STRAP
MINI-IOS
ROM-
MONITOR
ROM RAM NVRAM FLASH
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
16/147
P
P
ROM Memory
POST
BOOT
-STRAP
MINI-IOS
ROM-
MONITOR
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
17/147
P
P
Running
Config
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
18/147
P
P
Starting
Config
Or
Saved
Config
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
19/147
P
P
Flash Memory
IOS
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
20/147
P
P
IOS Startup Process
1. Run the POST.
2. Find the IOS.
3. Load the IOS to RAM.
4. Find the Configuration .
5. Load the Configuration to RAM
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
21/147
P
P
Boot Process
IOSStarting
Config
Or
Saved
Config
Running
Config
POST
BOOT
-STRAP
MINI-IOS
ROM-
MONITOR
ROM RAM NVRAM FLASH
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
22/147
P
P
Different Booting Method
1. Normal Mode.
2. Setup Mode
3. Mini-IOS Mode
4. Rom-monitor Mode
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
23/147
P
P
Different Booting Method
1. Normal Mode:
When proper IOS at FLASH and proper content in
NVRAM.
2. Setup Mode:When proper IOS at FLASH and there is no
proper content in NVRAM.
3. Mini-IOS Mode:
When IOS is corrupted in FLASH. It is used toload new IOS file.
4. Rom-monitor Mode:
It used troubleshoot router when it is not
working well.
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
24/147
P
P
Cisco IOS software delivers networkservices and enables networkedapplications.
Cisco Internetwork Operating
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
25/147
P
P
Router >
Router #
Router (config) #
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
26/147
P
P
Overview of Router Modes
Router(config)#
Router>enable
Router#config term
Exit
Ctrl-Z (end)
User EXEC mode
Privileged EXEC mode
Global configuration
mode
ConfigurationMode Prompt
Interface Router(config-if)#
Line Router(config-line)#
Router Router(config-router)#
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
27/147
P
P
User Mode:
We can view some basic configuration only.
Privilege Mode:
We can view all configuration and save the
configuration.
Global Mode:
We can configure and edit only.
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
28/147
P
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
29/147
P
P
Router Modes
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
30/147
P
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
31/147
P
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
32/147
P
P
CLI Command Modes
All command-line interface (CLI) configuration
changes to a Cisco router are made from the
global configuration mode.
Global configuration mode commands are used in
a router to apply configuration statements that
affect the system as a whole.
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
33/147
P
PUser mode is indicated with the '>' next tothe router name. You can look at settings
but can not make changes from user mode.
In Privilege mode (indicated by the '#', you
can do anything). To get into privilege mode
the keyword is ENABLE
Router>Router>enable
Password:Router#
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
34/147
P
P
Router#show ?access-expression List access expressionaccess-lists List access lists
backup Backup statuscdp CDP informationclock Display the system clockcls DLC user informationcompress Show compression statisticsconfiguration Contents of Non-Volatile memory
--More--
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
35/147
P
P
The show version command gives you a lot more
information than at first you may think. Use show
version to obtain critical information, such as:
1. Router platform type
2. Operating system revision
3. Operating system last boot time
4. File location
5. Amount of memory6. Number of interfaces
7. Configuration register.
Command
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
36/147
P
P
Command
Router_ch#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)
Router_ch uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"(output omitted)
--More--
Configuration register is 0x2102
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
37/147
P
P
To view the status of any routing
protocols currently configured on the
router, use the show protocols
command.
Router>show protocolsGlobal values:Internet Protocol routing is enabledBRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is DownEthernet0 is administratively down, line protocol is DownSerial0 is administratively down, line protocol is Down
Command
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
38/147
P
PFlash memory is a special kind of memory on
the router that contains the operating system
image file(s). Unlike regular router memory,
Flash memory continues to maintain the file
image even after power is lost.
Router>show flash
System flash directory:File Length Name/status1 3015588 c2500.bin[3015652 bytes used, 1178652 available, 4194304 total]4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Command
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
39/147
P
P
The currently active configuration script running on
the router is referred to as the running-configon the
routers command-line interface. Note the privilege
mode required. The running configuration script is
automatically saved on a Cisco router, and will
be lost in the event of a power failure. The running
configuration must be manually saved with thecopycommand (discussed in a later lab).
Command
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
40/147
P
PRouter>Router>enableRouter#show running-configBuilding configuration...
Current configuration:!version 12.0!
hostname Router!interface Serial0no ip addressshutdown!interface BRI0no ip addressshutdown!interface Ethernet0no ip addressshutdown!line con 0line aux 0line vty 0 4
!end
Command
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
41/147
P
P
As soon as the key is pressed,
the prompt changes from the default
host name (Router) to the newly
configured host name (which is Lab1in the example above).
Router(config)#hostname Lab1Lab1(config)#
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
42/147
P
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
43/147
P
P
A message-of-the-day (MOTD) banner can be
displayed on all connected terminals.
Lab1(config)# banner motd # You haveentered a secure system, authoriziedaccess ONLY #
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
44/147
P
P
Usermode Password
1. Enable Password
2. Enable secret Password
Privillege Mode password
1. Console Password
2. Aux password
3. Vty password
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
45/147
P
P
Router#config t
Router(config)#enable password abc
The enable passwordcontrols access to privilege mode.
This is a VERY important password because in privilege
mode you can make configuration changes.
It store the password in clear text.
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
46/147
P
P
Enable secret Password
Router#conf t
Router(config)#enable secret xyz
If you have both password, the enable secret
is the password used
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
47/147
P
PPasswords restrict access to routers.
Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password xyzco
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
48/147
P
P
If configuring a router via a modem you are
most likely connected to the aux port.
From Remote Network.
Router(config)#line aux 0
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#password xyzau
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
49/147
P
P A password must be set on one or more of the virtualterminal (VTY) lines for users to gain remote access to the
router using Telnet.
Typically Cisco routers support five VTY lines numbered 0through 4.
Same password on all of the VTY lines:
Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password xyzvt
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
50/147
P
P
(Automatic scrolling of long lines).
Move to the beginning of the command line.
Move to the end of the command line.
Move back one word.
Move forward one character.
Move back one character.
Move forward one word.
Using Enhanced Editing Commands
Delete a single character.
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
51/147
P
P
Reviewing Router Command History
Router> show history Show command buffer contents
Router> terminal history size lines Set session command buffer size
Ctrl-P or Up arrow Last (previous) command recall
Ctrl-N or Down arrow More recent command recall
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
52/147
P
P
Disabling or Enabling an Interface
#config t
(config)#interface serial 0
(config-if)#no shutdown
3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to upROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
fig t
fig)#interface serial 0
fig-if)#shutdownANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
Administratively turns off an interface
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
53/147
P
P
Configuring Interface
Enterglobal
Config mode
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#
Router(config)#interface fa 0/0Router(config-if)#
Router#config tRouter(config)#
Router(config-if)#description lan for chennaiRouter(config-if)#
Specify
interface
Set ip address
Description(recommended)
Turn On
the Port
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#exit
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
54/147
P
P An interface needs an IP Address and a Subnet
Mask to be configured.
All interfaces are shutdown by default.
Router#config tRouter(config)#int fa 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#exitRouter#
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
55/147
P
P
Configuring a Serial Interface
Enter globalconfiguration mode
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#
Router(config)#interface s 0/1Router(config-if)#
Router#config tRouter(config)#
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#
Specify interface
Set clock rate(on DCE interfacesonly)
Set bandwidth(recommended)
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
56/147
P
PThe DCE end of a serial interface needs a clock
rate .
Router#config tRouter(config)#interface serial 0/1Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.240Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64
Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config)#exitRouter#
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
57/147
P
P
Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up, line protocol is upHardware is HD64570Internet address is 10.140.4.2/24MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters neverInput queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0Queueing strategy: weighted fairOutput queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
(output omitted)
Verifying Your Changes
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
58/147
P
PRouter#show interfacesEthernet0 is up, line protocol is upHardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f)Internet address is 10.1.1.11/24MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters neverQueueing strategy: fifoOutput queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
81833 packets input, 27556491 bytes, 0 no bufferReceived 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort0 input packets with dribble condition detected55794 packets output, 3929696 bytes, 0 underruns0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Verifying Your Changes
Examining the show
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
59/147
P
P
Examining the showCommands
There are many show commands that can be used to examine the contents of
files in the router and for troubleshooting.
show interfaces Displays all the statistics for all the interfaces on the router.showint s0/1 Displays statistics for interface Serial 0/1show controllers serial Displays information-specific to the interface hardwareshow clock Shows the time set in the routershow hosts Displays a cached list of host names and addressesshow users Displays all users who are connected to the routershow history Displays a history of commands that have been enteredshow flash Displays info about flash memory and what IOS files are stored thereshow version Displays info about the router and the IOS that is running in RAM
show ARP Displays the ARP table of the routershow start Displays the saved configuration located in NVRAMshow run Displays the configuration currently running in RAMshow protocol Displays the global and interface specific status of any configured
Layer 3 protocols
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
60/147
P
P
Saving Configurations
Router#Router#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration
Router#
Router#Router#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration
Router#
Copy the current configuration to NVRAM
G hi S b l
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
61/147
P
P
WAN cloud
Accessserver
ISDNswitch
Data Service Unit/Channel Service Unit
Web Server
Graphic Symbols
Bridge Switch Router
Ethernet Serial LineFast Ethernet
DSU/CSU
File ServerPersonalcomputer
Modem
VLAN(Color May Vary)
Hub Network Cloud orBroadcast Domain
Circuit Switched
Line
Multi-layerswitch
Networkswitch
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
62/147
P
P
Configurations can comefrom many sources
Configurations will act indevice memor
Console port
Auxiliary port
Interfaces
PC or Unix server
Web or NetworkManagementserver
Virtual terminal
External Configuration
SourcesTelnet
TFTP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
63/147
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
64/147
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
65/147
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
66/147
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
67/147
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
68/147
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
69/147
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
70/147
Interpreting Interface
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
71/147
PP
Router#show interfaces serial 1
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
Description: 64Kb Line to San Jose:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
Operational..................
Connection problem...
Interface problem........Disabled ......................
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Serial1 is up, line protocol is down
Serial1 is down, line protocol is downSerial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
KeepalivesCarrier Detect
Interpreting InterfaceStatus
Serial Interface show
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
72/147
PP
Serial Interface showcontrollerCommand
Router#show controller serial 0
HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078
buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable
.
.
.
Router#show controller serial 0
HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078
buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable
.
.
.
Shows cable type of serial cables
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
73/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
74/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
75/147
Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, youwillbe able to perform the following tasks:
Gather information about neighbordevices
Gather information about remote devices
Create a simple network diagram todocument the network
Determine the location from which a
configuration and IOS image will be
Cisco Discovery
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
76/147
Cisco DiscoveryProtocol
A proprietary utility that gives you a summary of directlyconnected switches, routers, and other Cisco devices
CDP discovers neighbor devices regardless of whichprotocol suite they are running
Physical media must support the Subnetwork AccessProtocol (SNAP) encapsulation
Upper-Layer EntryAddresses
Cisco Proprietary
Data-Link Protocol
Media SupportingSNAP
TCP/IP NovellIPX
CDP discovers and shows information about
directly connected Cisco devices
ATM OthersLANsFrameRelay
AppleTalk Others
Discovering Neighbors
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
77/147
Runs on routers with Cisco IOS10.3 or later and Cisco switchesand hubs
Summary informationincludes:
Device identifiers
Address list
Port identifier
Capabilities list
Platform
CDP
show cdp
CDP
CDP
Discovering Neighborswith CDP
U i CDP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
78/147
Using CDP
SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2
10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
S0S1
RouterA#sh cdp ?
entry Information for specific neighbor entry
interface CDP interface status and configuration
neighbors CDP neighbor entries
traffic CDP statistics
RouterA(config)#no cdp run
RouterA(config)#interface serial0
RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable
Using the show cdp
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
79/147
SwitchA also provides its Mac address
Using the show cdpneighborCommand
RouterA#sh cdp neighbors
Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge
S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater
Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDRouterB Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1
SwitchA0050BD855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2
SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2
10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
S0S1
Using the show cdp entry
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
80/147
Using the show cdp entryCommand
RouterA#sh cdp entry *
-------------------------
Device ID: RouterB
Entry address(es):
IP address: 10.1.1.2
Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router
Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1Holdtime : 168 sec
Version :
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci)
Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye
SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2
10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
S0S1
Additional CDP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
81/147
Additional CDPCommands
RouterA#sh cdp traffic
CDP counters :
Packets output: 56, Input: 38
Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3
No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0
RouterA#sh cdp interface
BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Encapsulation HDLC
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Holdtime is 180 seconds
SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2
10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
S0S1
Using Telnet to Connect
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
82/147
Using Telnet to Connectto Remote Devices
Remote device
SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2
10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
S0S1
RouterA#telnet 10.2.2.2Trying 10.2.2.2 ... Open
-------------------------------------------------
Catalyst 1900 Management Console
Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998
All rights reserved.
Enterprise Edition Software
Ethernet Address: 00-90-86-73-33-40
PCA Number: 73-2239-06
PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8K
Model Number: WS-C1924-EN
System Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ
.
.
SwitchB>
Viewing Telnet
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
83/147
gConnections
SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2
10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
S0S1
RouterA#sh sessionConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name
1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2
* 2 10.3.3.2 10.3.3.2 0 0 10.3.3.2
RouterA#sh userLine User Host(s) Idle Location
* 0 con 0 10.1.1.2 3
10.3.3.2 2
11 vty 0 idle 1 10.1.1.2
S di T l t S i
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
84/147
Suspending a Telnet Session
SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2
10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
S0S1
RouterB#x
RouterA#sh session
Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name
1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2
RouterA#resume 1
RouterB#
Closing a Telnet Session
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
85/147
RouterA#disconnect
Closing connection to 10.3.3.2 [confirm]
RouterA#clear line 11[confirm]
[OK]
Closing a Telnet Session
Closing a session opened by aremote device
Closing the currentsession opened by you
SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA
10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2
10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2
S0S1
Using the ping and trace
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
86/147
Using theping and traceCommands
Test connectivity and path to a remote device
Router##ping 10.1.1.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms
Router#trace 10.1.1.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.10
1 10.1.1.10 4 msec 4 msec 4 msecRouter#
eterm n ng t e urrentC fi ti R i t
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
87/147
Configuration Register
Valuewg_ro_a#show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye
Image text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE
BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes
System restarted by reload
System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"
--More--
Configuration register is 0x2102
Configuration register value in show version
Configuration Register
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
88/147
Co gu a o eg s eValues
Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option
Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0x2102
[Ctrl-Z]
Router#reload
Configuration Register
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
89/147
g gValues
Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set bootoption
Configuration RegisterBoot Field Value
0x0
Meaning
Use ROM monitor mode(Manually boot using the bcommand)
Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0x2102
[Ctrl-Z]
Router#reload
Configuration Register
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
90/147
g gValues
Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set bootoption
Configuration RegisterBoot Field Value
0x0
0x1
Meaning
Use ROM monitor mode(Manually boot using the bcommand)
Automatically boot from ROM(Provides IOS subset)
Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0x2102
[Ctrl-Z]
Router#reload
Configuration Register
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
91/147
Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set bootoption
g gValues
Configuration RegisterBoot Field Value
0x0
0x2 to 0xF
0x1
Meaning
Use ROM monitor mode(Manually boot using the bcommand)
Examine NVRAM for bootsystemcommands (0x2 defaultif router has Flash)
Automatically boot from ROM(Provides IOS subset)
Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0x2102
[Ctrl-Z]
Router#reload
Loading the IOS from Flash
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
92/147
Loading the IOS from Flash
Flash
IOS
IOSshow flash
Flash file is decompressed into RAM
Console
RAM
show flash Command
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
93/147
show flash Command
wg_ro_a#sh flash
System flash directory:File Length Name/status
1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin
[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
wg_ro_a#sh flash
System flash directory:File Length Name/status
1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin
[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
show running and show
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
94/147
gstartup Commands
wg_ro_c#show startup-config
Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes
!
version 12.0!
-- More --
wg_ro_c#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:!
version 12.0
!
-- More --
In NVRAMIn RAM
Display current and saved configuration
Sources of Configurations
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
95/147
Sources of Configurations
ConfigConfig
RAM NVRAM
NVRAM
copy running startup
copy startup running (merge)
Sources of Configurations
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
96/147
Sources of Configurations
ConfigConfig
RAM NVRAM
NVRAM
Terminal
copy running startup
copy startup running (merge)
config term
(merge)
Sources of ConfigurationsSources of Configurations
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
97/147
Sources of ConfigurationsSources of Configurations
ConfigConfig
Console
RAM NVRAM
NVRAM
Terminal
TFTP server
copy running startup
copy startup running (merge)
TFTPserver
copy start tftp
copy tftp start
copy run tftp
copy tftp run
(merge)
config term
(merge)
Sources of Configurations
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
98/147
Sources of Configurations
ConfigConfig
Console
RAM NVRAM
NVRAM Terminal
TFTP server
Erase Start
copy running startup
copy startup running (merge)
TFTPserver
Blank
000000000000
erasestart
config term
(merge)
copy tftp run
(merge) copy tftp start
copy start tftpcopy run tftp
copy run tftp and copy tftp
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
99/147
py p py prun Commands
wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp
Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1
Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg
.!!
1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec)
wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config
Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1
Source filename []? wgroa.cfg
Destination filename [running-config]?
Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg...
Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !
[OK - 1684/3072 bytes]
1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec)
wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp
Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1
Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg
.!!
1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec)
wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config
Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1
Source filename []? wgroa.cfg
Destination filename [running-config]?
Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg...
Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !
[OK - 1684/3072 bytes]
1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec)
Cisco IOS File Systems and
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
100/147
yDevices
RAM NVRAM
TFTPserverFlash
flash:
system: nvram:
tftp:
Managing IOS Images
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
101/147
Managing IOS Images
Networkserver
FLASHFLASH
Router
c2500-js-l_120-3.bin
Network
server
Preparing for a Network
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
102/147
Backup Image
Check access to the server
Router
Network
server
Preparing for a Network
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
103/147
Backup Image
Check access to the server
Check space available on the server
Router
Network
server
Preparing for a Network
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
104/147
Backup Image
Check access to the server
Check space available on the server
Check file naming convention
Router
c2500-js-l_120-3.bin
Network
server
Preparing for a Network
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
105/147
Backup Image
Router
c2500-js-l_120-3.bin
Network
server
Check access to the server
Check space available on the server
Check file naming convention
Create file on server if required
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
106/147
Creating a Software Image
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
107/147
wg_ro_a#copy flash tftp
Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddress or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1
Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec)
wg_ro_a#
Backup
Back up current files prior to updating Flash
Networkserver
FLASHFLASH
copy flash tftp
Upgrading the Image from
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
108/147
wg_ro_a#copy tftp flash
Address or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]?Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin
Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?
Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin...
Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]
Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]
Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted) ...erased
Erase of flash: complete
Loading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
(output omitted)[OK - 10084696/20168704 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0)
10084696 bytes copied in 309.108 secs (32636 bytes/sec)
wg_ro_a#
the Net
Erase Flash occurs before loading new image
Note message that image already exists
Networkserver
FLASHFLASH
Visual Objective
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
109/147
Visual Objective
core_ server10.1.1.1
255.255.255.0
wg_sw_a10.1.1.10
255.255.255.0
wg_sw_l10.1.1.120
255.255.255.0
wg_pc_a
wg_pc_l
...
console
10.1.1.121255.255.255.0
e0/2fa0/26(port A)
e0/2
e0
e0fa0/26(port A)
fa0/1 fa0/12
fa0/24
core_sw_a10.1.1.2
255.255.255.0
10.1.1.11255.255.255.0
wg_ro_l
A/B
A/B
wg_ro_a
console
consoleconsole
pod sw ros e0A 10.1.1.10 10.1.1.11B 10.1.1.20 10.1.1.21C 10.1.1.30 10.1.1.31D 10.1.1.40 10.1.1.41E 10.1.1.50 10.1.1.51
F 10.1.1.60 10.1.1.61G 10.1.1.70 10.1.1.71H 10.1.1.80 10.1.1.81I 10.1.1.90 10.1.1.91J 10.1.1.100 10.1.1.101K 10.1.1.110 10.1.1.111L 10.1.1.120 10.1.1.121
Summary
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
110/147
After completing this chapter, youshould be able to perform the followingtasks: Use Cisco Discovery Protocol from a device
to get information about neighboringdevices
Use Telnet to retrieve information aboutremote devices
Determine the load location of the IOSimage
List the commands to load an IOS image file
Summary
Review Questions
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
111/147
Review Questions
1. What CDP command is used to getinformation about one specific neighbor?
2. What key combination suspends a Telnetsession?
3. From which three locations can an activeconfiguration file originate?
4.What show command lists the value ofthe Configuration Register?
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
112/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
113/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
114/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
115/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
116/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
117/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
118/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
119/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
120/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
121/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
122/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
123/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
124/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
125/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
126/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
127/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
128/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
129/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
130/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
131/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
132/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
133/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
134/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
135/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
136/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
137/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
138/147
PP
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
139/147
PP
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
140/147
PP
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
141/147
PP
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
142/147
PP
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
143/147
PP
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
144/147
PP
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
145/147
PP
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
146/147
PP
P
7/31/2019 Ccna 110110
147/147
PP
top related