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Canadian Short StoryCanadian Short StoryNature writingNature writing
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BeginningsBeginnings
Haliburton,Haliburton, The Clock-Maker:The Clock-Maker:- the stories of Sam Slick- the stories of Sam Slick
- the Yankee against the Nova Scotian- the Yankee against the Nova Scotian
- characters at the margins of two cultures- characters at the margins of two cultures The Strickland sisters:The Strickland sisters:
- Susanna Moodies A Visit to Grosse Isle- Susanna Moodies A Visit to Grosse Isleand Brian, the Still-Hunterand Brian, the Still-Hunter
- the effect of fiction- the effect of fiction
- a dominant voice throughout the 19- a dominant voice throughout the 19thth c.c.
-- The Journals of Susanna MoodieThe Journals of Susanna Moodie, 1970, 1970Margaret AtwoodMargaret Atwood
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The Confederation YearsThe Confederation Years
The pull of the USThe pull of the US
marketmarket
Colourful characters:Colourful characters:
Metis, Mounties,Metis, Mounties,
NativesNatives
The lure of the North:The lure of the North:
- romantic tales of- romantic tales of
adventureadventure
- provincial- provincial
stereotypesstereotypes
Mistic Creek, Brenda Schmidt
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ModernismModernism
Stephen Leacock:Stephen Leacock:
Literary Lapses, 1910Literary Lapses, 1910
Sunshine Sketches of a Little town 1912Sunshine Sketches of a Little town 1912
Arcadian Adventures of the Idle Rich 1914Arcadian Adventures of the Idle Rich 1914
-- created the mythic town of Mariposacreated the mythic town of Mariposa
- created an indicative English Canadian- created an indicative English Canadian
form: the short-story cycleform: the short-story cycle
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The Short-Story CycleThe Short-Story Cycle
D.C. Scott,D.C. Scott, In the Village of Viger,In the Village of Viger, 18961896
Stephen LeacockStephen Leacock
J. G. Sime, Sister Women, 1919J. G. Sime, Sister Women, 1919
F. P. Grove,F. P. Grove, Over Prairie Trails,Over Prairie Trails, 19221922
Emily Carr,Emily Carr, Klee WyckKlee Wyck, 1941, 1941
George Elliott,George Elliott, The Kissing ManThe Kissing Man 19621962
Alice MunroAlice Munro Who Do You Think You Are?Who Do You Think You Are?19781978
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The Small Town SettingThe Small Town Setting
Serene, nostalgicSerene, nostalgic
settingssettings
Gentle, ironicGentle, ironic
humor, lampooninghumor, lampooning Simple, sentimentalSimple, sentimental
attachment of theattachment of the
characters to theircharacters to their
placeplaceLunenburg,
a famous small historic town on the
south shore of Nova Scotia
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D.C. ScottsD.C. Scotts In the Village of VigerIn the Village of Viger
Anticipation of:Anticipation of:
- the stark loneliness- the stark loneliness
of Joyces charactersof Joyces characters
inin DublinersDubliners 19141914
- Sherwood Andersons- Sherwood Andersons
Winesburg, OhioWinesburg, Ohio 19191919
- Hemingways- Hemingways In OurIn OurTimeTime 19241924
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Morley CallaghanMorley Callaghan
1903-19901903-1990 Part of the BohemianPart of the Bohemian
circles in Paris in thecircles in Paris in the
1920s1920s
Tapping of the richTapping of the richpossibilities of foreignpossibilities of foreign
marketsmarkets
That Summer in ParisThat Summer in Paris
19631963
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Morley CallaghanMorley Callaghan
A member of another nation andA member of another nation and
civilization because he dealt too littlecivilization because he dealt too little
with identifiable Canadian detailswith identifiable Canadian details
Recognized the postcolonial culturalRecognized the postcolonial culturalposition of English Canadaposition of English Canada
Recognized the need to focus onRecognized the need to focus on
Canadian life itselfCanadian life itself
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Morley CallaghanMorley Callaghan
A Native ArgosyA Native Argosy 1929:1929:
- spare, laconic prose- spare, laconic prose
- moralistic, Catholic themes- moralistic, Catholic themes
- vague, North American rather- vague, North American rather
than Canadian settingsthan Canadian settings
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Anthologies of Canadian StoriesAnthologies of Canadian Stories
Robert Weaver edited five volumes ofRobert Weaver edited five volumes of
Canadian stories from Oxford UniversityCanadian stories from Oxford University
Press through the 1950s and 1960sPress through the 1950s and 1960s
In theIn the Second SeriesSecond Series 1968 included:1968 included:Hugh garner, Mavis Gallant, MargaretHugh garner, Mavis Gallant, Margaret
Laurence, Mordecai Richler, Hugh Wood,Laurence, Mordecai Richler, Hugh Wood,
Alice Munro, Dave GodfreyAlice Munro, Dave Godfrey
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Anthologies of Canadian StoriesAnthologies of Canadian Stories
John Metcalf,John Metcalf, Sixteen by TwelveSixteen by Twelve
19701970, The Narrative Voice, The Narrative Voice 19721972
Mordecai Richler,Mordecai Richler, CanadianCanadianWriting Today,Writing Today, 1970s1970s
To bring the short story to theTo bring the short story to the
classroomclassroom
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Mavis GallantMavis Gallant
1922-1922- An expatriate in ParisAn expatriate in Paris
Lives as a foreigner inLives as a foreigner in
another cultureanother culture
In the 1960s almostIn the 1960s almostall her storiesall her stories
appeared first in theappeared first in the
New YorkerNew Yorker
From 1970s aFrom 1970s a
renaissance in Canadarenaissance in Canada
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Alice MunroAlice Munro
1931 -1931 - Dance of the HappyDance of the Happy
Shade,Shade, 19681968
Lives of Girls andLives of Girls and
Women,Women, 19711971
Something Ive beenSomething Ive been
Meaning to Tell You,Meaning to Tell You,19741974
Selected Stories,Selected Stories, 19961996 The Love of a GoodThe Love of a Good
Woman,Woman, 19981998
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Nature-writingNature-writing
Canadian nature as physical challengeCanadian nature as physical challengeDoubting the adequacy of the human pointDoubting the adequacy of the human point
of view as a central focalizing deviceof view as a central focalizing device
Critical models of Canadian identity:Critical models of Canadian identity:
- Northrop Fryes garrison mentality- Northrop Fryes garrison mentality
- Margaret Atwoods survival- Margaret Atwoods survival
- Robert Kroetschs disunity as unity- Robert Kroetschs disunity as unity
- Frank Daveys Canada as a site of social- Frank Daveys Canada as a site of social
contestationcontestation
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Nature-writingNature-writing
Remained anthropocentric rather thanRemained anthropocentric rather thanecocentricecocentric
Focused not on the environment but onFocused not on the environment but on
its human inhabitantsits human inhabitantsStriking limitation given the ratherStriking limitation given the rather
marginal presence of humans in such amarginal presence of humans in such avast territoryvast territory
Nature-writing as a specifically UsNature-writing as a specifically Uspreoccupationpreoccupation
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Nature-writing in the 18th and 19Nature-writing in the 18th and 19thth
CenturiesCenturiesThe explorationThe exploration
narratives of 18narratives of 18thth century:century:
- emphasis on vast- emphasis on vastspacesspaces
- personal darings- personal daringsThe settler narratives ofThe settler narratives of
early 19early 19thth century:century:
- local knowledge- local knowledge
- mocking of human- mocking of human
endeavorsendeavors
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Nature-writingNature-writing
Delos White Beadle,
Canadian Fruit, Flower, and KitchenGarden, 1872
Birds of Ontario,
Thomas McIlwraith,
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Nature-writing: telling storiesNature-writing: telling stories
Earnest Thompson Setons animal storiesEarnest Thompson Setons animal stories
- humanized characters- humanized characters
- inspired others- inspired others
Charles G.D. Robertss animal storiesCharles G.D. Robertss animal stories Archibald Stansfeld Belaney, Grey Owl;Archibald Stansfeld Belaney, Grey Owl;
- faked his own life- faked his own life
- elegiac lament for lost harmony- elegiac lament for lost harmony- autobiographical tale of self-discovery- autobiographical tale of self-discovery
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Modern versionsModern versions
Farley MowatsFarley Mowats Never Cry WolfNever Cry Wolf, 1963 the, 1963 thebest-known modern version of the genrebest-known modern version of the genre
- a parable about the human desire to- a parable about the human desire to
identify with and yet separate oneself fromidentify with and yet separate oneself fromthe animalsthe animals Sharon ButalaaSharon Butalaa The Perfection of theThe Perfection of the
MorningMorning, 1994: nature and human psyche, 1994: nature and human psyche
Mark HumesMark Humes River of the Angry MoonRiver of the Angry Moon,,1998: critique of the damage humans do1998: critique of the damage humans doto ancient ecosystemsto ancient ecosystems
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