Caloosahatchee Watershed Issues and Cyanobacteria Blooms Cyanobacteria Effects Caloosahatchee Cyanos Environmental Controls Temperature Flushing Nutrient.
Post on 13-Jan-2016
226 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Caloosahatchee Watershed Issues and Cyanobacteria Blooms
Cyanobacteria EffectsCaloosahatchee CyanosEnvironmental Controls• Temperature• Flushing• Nutrient effectWatershed • Flow timing• NutrientsCyanobacteria• Upstream• DownstreamMitigation, Use as Indicator
Rick Bartleson, Mark Thompson SCCF Marine LabAcknowledgements: Lee Co. Environmental Laboratory, SFWMD
Effects of Cyanobacteria•Increased turbidity•Decreased light to SAV and other phytoplankton•Oxygen depletion•Toxic to other species•Reduced trophic transfer to desirable species
Microscope photos I’ve takenSeveral River photos I’ve taken
2011
2011
Caloosahatchee Cyanobacteria• Frequent cyanobacteria blooms
east of S79• Also blooms of dinoflagellates-
Kansodinium ambiguum 2009, 2013, Ceratium, Akashiwo sanguinea
• Markley and Parsons 2013
Kansodinium ambiguum
Caloosahatchee CyanobacteriaMultiple speciesSimultaneous bloom along river 2011Blooms spread down-estuary- 2005, 2006, 2008, 2013
Solveson, Olga 2006
Cassani, 2008
AnabaenaAphanizomenonMicrocystisCylindrospermopsisOthers Planktothrix sp.,Pseudanabaena sp., Merismopedia sp., Aphanocapsa sp.
2011
Estuarine Cyanobacteria
Lyngbya majusculamalyngolide2006, 2007, 2013
Also SynechococcusUniversity of Sevilla
Estuarine and Gulf CyanobacteriaGulf
Trichodesmium erythraeum
San Carlos Bay 8/10/2005Beautiful Island 2006Cape Coral Bridge 2009Shell Point 2013
Sanibel Beaches, San Carlos Bay,2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012
Dust- and mineral-iron utilization bythe marine dinitrogen-fixer TrichodesmiumRubin et al. 2011.
1-Nov-1
0
21-Dec-
10
9-Feb-11
31-Mar-
11
20-May
-11
9-Jul-1
10
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000 2011
Environmental Controls
1-Nov-1
2
21-Dec-
12
9-Feb-13
31-Mar-
13
20-May
-13
9-Jul-1
30
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Flow
S79
(cfs
)
2013
11/5
Low
Con
c.
5/12
13
µg/L Conditions favoring cyanobacteria:
• Stratified or stagnant water• Low flushing rate• temperatures >25°C March-Nov• CDOM• BCOD
Environmental Controls- Nutrients
• N:P <22 favors cyanobacteria• OP concentrations above limiting
levels• High nutrient loading rates• N, P saturated growth-Fe limited
Lake Okeechobee, Havens et al. 2003
TN:TP ratio 15.6 @ S79 (2002-2004)
S79 Orthophosphorus
Nutrient loading
OP Wet season 2012
Lee County Data
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
TP k
g d-1
S79
SFWMD Data
Nutrient Loading
Paerl, H.W., et al. 2008. Co-occurrence of dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms in southwest Florida coastal waters: A case for dual nutrient (N and P) input controls. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 371: 143-153.dual N and P input reductions are usually required for effective long-term control and management of blooms (Paerl)
Ortho P Boca Grande PassNH3 Pine Island Sound
Ort
ho P
(µgL
-1)
Half saturation Level
Estuary dissolved nutrient levels promote algal growth
Nutrient Loading
Nutrient Loading- CaloosahatcheeAnthropogenic• Septic systems• Sewage Treatment• Stormwater Runoff• Agricultural
Lake Okeechobee
Agriculture
Urban/Disturbed
Upland Forest
Wetland/Water
1.7 million cattle in FL in 2003 and 2012@150g N excretion/d=930metric tons N/yr
Nutrient Loading -Sources-Atmospheric P
20 fold increase in atmospheric P deposition rates from sugar cane burning (Grimshaw and Dolske 2002). Atmospheric P load to Charlotte Harbor (at 50 mg m-2 yr-1) is 40 metric tons yr-1.
P deposition (mg m-2 yr-1) 1979 (Brezonik et al., 1983).
84 mg m-2 yr-1 average in circled area
Nutrient Loading
UpstreamOf S79
Higher ratio indicatessewage
Nutrient loading- SWFL Drainage
Surface water runoff has been drastically increased by drainage ditches and canals.
Increased watershed results in more surface water, wider salinity range and higher nutrient and color loadings
Nutrient loading-Increased Runoff
Former watershed
Added watershed
Reduced Sheetflow and Groundwater Discharge
Estero Bay Watershed Section
1999Mid Hawthorn
48’ drop
Kissimmee Basin Storage
20’ drop6’ drop 6’ drop
Reducing Runoff and Nutrient Loading
• Allow aquifer recharge• Route rain to fallow farmlands and
pastures
• Nutrient removal using SAV (restoration) and algae
• TMDLs for phosphorus and CDOM• Fertilizer minimization• Livestock fencing, manure
management• Replacement of septic systems with
tertiary treatment
Solutions
Questions/Acknowledgments
SCCF Annual Fund Drive Contributors
top related