By Dr. Bernadette Garam Today, we are going to ….. Define homelessness Define homelessness Examine what are the primary causes of homelessness Examine.
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By Dr. Bernadette Garam
Today, we are going to …..Today, we are going to …..
Define homelessnessDefine homelessness Examine what are the primary Examine what are the primary
causes of homelessnesscauses of homelessness What is the impact of poverty and What is the impact of poverty and
homelessness on children and youthhomelessness on children and youth Examine how many children Examine how many children
experience homelessnessexperience homelessness Examine barriers to educationExamine barriers to education
We are also going to…review theWe are also going to…review the
The Stewart McKinley-Vento ActThe Stewart McKinley-Vento Act New Regulations on Homeless New Regulations on Homeless
Education Education
And we will ….And we will …. Study Vignettes and discuss solutionsStudy Vignettes and discuss solutions
WHO IS HOMELESS?WHO IS HOMELESS?
Who is Homeless?Who is Homeless? The term 'homeless The term 'homeless
children and youths' children and youths'
(A) means (A) means individuals who lack individuals who lack a fixed, regular, and a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime adequate nighttime residence; andresidence; and
Homeless children and youth Homeless children and youth
(B) includes-(B) includes- (i) children and (i) children and
youths who are youths who are sharing the sharing the housing of other housing of other persons due to persons due to loss of housing, loss of housing, economic economic hardship, or a hardship, or a similar reason; similar reason;
are living in are living in motels, hotels, motels, hotels, trailer parks, or trailer parks, or camping grounds camping grounds due to the lack due to the lack of alternative of alternative adequate adequate accommodationsaccommodations; are living in ; are living in emergency or emergency or transitional transitional shelters; are shelters; are abandoned in abandoned in hospitals; or are hospitals; or are awaiting foster awaiting foster care placement;care placement;
Children Children and youth and youth who are who are living in living in motels, motels, hotels, hotels, trailer trailer parks, or parks, or camping camping grounds grounds due to the due to the lack of lack of alternative alternative adequate adequate accommodaccommodations; ations;
are living in emergency or are living in emergency or transitional shelters; are transitional shelters; are abandoned in hospitals; or are abandoned in hospitals; or are awaiting foster care placement;awaiting foster care placement;
Homeless children and youth also includeHomeless children and youth also include
(ii) children and (ii) children and youths who have a youths who have a primary nighttime primary nighttime residence that is a residence that is a public or private public or private place not designed place not designed for or ordinarily for or ordinarily used as a regular used as a regular sleeping sleeping accommodation for accommodation for human beings; human beings;
Homeless children and youth also includeHomeless children and youth also include
(iii) children and (iii) children and youths who are youths who are living in cars, parks, living in cars, parks, public spaces, public spaces, abandoned abandoned buildings, buildings, substandard substandard housing, bus or housing, bus or train stations, or train stations, or similar settings; similar settings; and and
HomelessHomeless childrenchildren andand youthyouth
(iv) migratory children (iv) migratory children who qualify as who qualify as homeless for the homeless for the purposes of this purposes of this subtitle because the subtitle because the children are living in children are living in circumstances circumstances described in clauses described in clauses (i) through (iii)….(i) through (iii)….
[725(2)][725(2)] Age range: Applies to Age range: Applies to
children and youth children and youth who are entitled to who are entitled to public education under public education under state or federal law.state or federal law.
Homelessness: A World Homelessness: A World Problem that You can HelpProblem that You can Help
How Can We Help As Teachers?How Can We Help As Teachers?
Be Excellent, Be Excellent, Caring Teachers and provideCaring Teachers and provide **
Successful Successful EducationEducation for allfor all
Success!Success!
No CHILD LEFT BEHINDNo CHILD LEFT BEHIND
McKinney-Vento Act 2002: McKinney-Vento Act 2002: A Tool for Academic SuccessA Tool for Academic Success
Source: National Association for the Source: National Association for the Education of Homeless Children and Youth Education of Homeless Children and Youth 111.naehcy.org111.naehcy.org
The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, Subtitle VII-B, is the federal law that:Act, Subtitle VII-B, is the federal law that:
- entitles children - entitles children who are homeless to who are homeless to a free, appropriate a free, appropriate public education, andpublic education, and
- requires schools to - requires schools to remove barriers to remove barriers to their enrollment, their enrollment, attendance, and attendance, and success in school.success in school.
Congress recently reauthorized the Congress recently reauthorized the McKinney-Vento Act's Education for McKinney-Vento Act's Education for Homeless Children and Youth Homeless Children and Youth program.program.
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY CAUSES OF WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY CAUSES OF HOMELESSNESS?HOMELESSNESS?
Lack of Affordable HousingLack of Affordable Housing
Sharp decrease in affordable housing Sharp decrease in affordable housing units in 1980sunits in 1980s
Shortfall for poorest households now Shortfall for poorest households now stands at3.3 million housing unitsstands at3.3 million housing units
Between 1997 and 1999, net loss of Between 1997 and 1999, net loss of more than 300,000 housing units more than 300,000 housing units
Causes of HomelessnessCauses of Homelessness
Low IncomesLow Incomes
A minimum wage worker cannot afford the A minimum wage worker cannot afford the Fair Market Rent for housing anywhere in Fair Market Rent for housing anywhere in USUS
TANF benefits and Food Stamps combined TANF benefits and Food Stamps combined are well below the poverty line in every are well below the poverty line in every StateState
Mean income of families who become Mean income of families who become homeless is 46% of poverty linehomeless is 46% of poverty line
CONTRIBUTING FACTORSCONTRIBUTING FACTORS Health ProblemsHealth Problems
--Over 40 million people don't Over 40 million people don't have have insuranceinsurance
Domestic ViolenceDomestic Violence--Lack of housing options for Lack of housing options for women with Low-incomes women with Low-incomes
For Unaccompanied Youth: For Unaccompanied Youth: --Physical and sexual abuse by a Physical and sexual abuse by a parent or guardian parent or guardian -Neglect-Neglect
-Family conflict-Family conflict
WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF POVERTY AND WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS ON CHILDREN AND HOMELESSNESS ON CHILDREN AND
YOUTH?YOUTH?
- PHYSICAL HEALTH- PHYSICAL HEALTH - Hunger- Hunger - Acute illness- Acute illness - Chronic illness- Chronic illness - MENTAL HEALTH- MENTAL HEALTH - Depression- Depression - Anxiety- Anxiety - PTSD- PTSD - EDUCATION- EDUCATION - School Transfers- School Transfers - Absences- Absences - Falling behind in academic achievement- Falling behind in academic achievement
HOW MANY CHILDREN HOW MANY CHILDREN EXPERIENCE HOMELESSNESS?EXPERIENCE HOMELESSNESS?
- At least 1.35 million children - At least 1.35 million children are homeless during a year's are homeless during a year's time, representing 39% of the time, representing 39% of the overall homeless population. overall homeless population.
- At least 10% of American - At least 10% of American children living in poverty, and children living in poverty, and 2% of all American children, will 2% of all American children, will experience homelessness over experience homelessness over the course of a year.the course of a year.
- Over 40% of children who are - Over 40% of children who are homeless are under the age of 5.homeless are under the age of 5.
WHERE DO CHILDREN AND YOUTH WHERE DO CHILDREN AND YOUTH LIVE WHEN THEY ARE HOMELESS?LIVE WHEN THEY ARE HOMELESS?
- Only 35% of - Only 35% of children who are children who are homeless are in homeless are in shelters; the rest shelters; the rest are staying are staying temporarily with temporarily with others, cars, others, cars, campgrounds, campgrounds, motels, etc.motels, etc.
WHERE DO CHILDREN AND YOUTH LIVE WHERE DO CHILDREN AND YOUTH LIVE WHEN THEY ARE HOMELESS?WHEN THEY ARE HOMELESS?
- Requests for emergency shelter by - Requests for emergency shelter by families have increased every year families have increased every year since 1985, with a 22% increase in since 1985, with a 22% increase in 2001.2001.
- 52% of requests for emergency - 52% of requests for emergency shelter in cities went unmet in 2001 shelter in cities went unmet in 2001 due to lack of shelter capacity.due to lack of shelter capacity.
- There are very few shelters in rural - There are very few shelters in rural areas.areas.
Class ExerciseClass Exercise
Form into groups of Form into groups of 4- 54- 5
Study the Vignette Study the Vignette assigned to your assigned to your group.group.
Discuss the best Discuss the best solutionssolutions
Report to ClassReport to Class
BARRIERS TO EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN BARRIERS TO EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN HOMELESS SITUATIONSAND YOUTH IN HOMELESS SITUATIONS
- ENROLLMENT REQUIREMENTS- ENROLLMENT REQUIREMENTS - Residency requirements- Residency requirements - School Records- School Records - Immunizations- Immunizations - Legal guardianship - Legal guardianship
requirementsrequirements - HIGH MOBILITY- HIGH MOBILITY - LACK OF TRANSPORTATION- LACK OF TRANSPORTATION - LACK OF SCHOOL SUPPLIES, - LACK OF SCHOOL SUPPLIES,
CLOTHING, ETC.CLOTHING, ETC. - POOR HEALTH, FATIGUE, HUNGER- POOR HEALTH, FATIGUE, HUNGER - PREJUDICE/STEREOTYPES- PREJUDICE/STEREOTYPES
SOURCESSOURCES National Association for the Education National Association for the Education
of Homeless Children and Youthof Homeless Children and Youth www.naehcy.orgwww.naehcy.org National Center for Homeless National Center for Homeless
EducationEducation www.serve.org/nchewww.serve.org/nche National Coalition for the HomelessNational Coalition for the Homeless www.nationalhomeless.orgwww.nationalhomeless.org National Law Center on Homelessness National Law Center on Homelessness
& Poverty& Poverty www.nlchp.orgwww.nlchp.org National Network for YouthNational Network for Youth www.nn4youth.orgwww.nn4youth.org
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