By: Andrew Sung Wei Yang (01) Benjamin Lim (20) Ng Wei Bo (24) Ng Ziyao (25)

By:Andrew Sung Wei Yang (01)

Benjamin Lim (20)Ng Wei Bo (24)Ng Ziyao (25)

Ways ASEAN countriesCombat Terrorism

4S1

ASEAN policies Case study on Bali Mas Selamat Improvements of ASEAN

Contents

Association of the South-East Asian Nations Established in 1967

Principles enshrined in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia:

renunciation of the threat or use of force;effective cooperation among themselves.November 2007, ASEAN leaders signed the ASEAN

Charter -- ASEAN to be a rules based organization committed to fulfilling its various obligations and

collective decisions.

What is ASEAN

Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao Peoples Democratic Republic Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

ASEAN member states

Methods ASEAN use toCounter Terrorism

ASEAN’s efforts in combating terrorism began before the 9/11 attack in 1997 and issued the ASEAN Declaration on Transnational Crime

ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC) was created

Following the 9/11 terrorist attack, ASEAN counter-terrorism cooperation accelerated

ASEAN efforts in combating terrorism

On 5 November 2001 in Brunei Darussalam, ASEAN leaders met to adopt the ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism

Terrorism is viewed as a threat to peace and security and challenges to the attainment of peace, progress and prosperity of ASEAN and the realization of ASEAN Vision 2020

ASEAN efforts in combating terrorism

Several specific measures were identified to implement the Declaration, some of which includes:

ASEAN Efforts to Counter Terrorism

Review and strengthen national

mechanisms to combat terrorism

Call for the early ratification or

accession to all anti-terrorist conventions

Deepen cooperation among ASEAN’s front-line law enforcement

agencies in combating terrorism

Enhance information/ intelligence exchange to

facilitate the flow of information

Strengthen cooperation

between AMMTC and other ASEAN bodies to counter

terrorists acts

Develop capacity building

programmes to enhance ASEAN

countries to investigate

terrorist acts

Study international conventions on

terrorism to integrate them with ASEAN

mechanisms to combat terrorism

Strengthen cooperation in

combating terrorism and affirm that at the United Nations should play a major role in

this regard

Discuss and explore practical initiatives to increase ASEAN's

involvement with the global community to make the fight

against terrorism a global endeavour

ASEAN Efforts to Counter Terrorism

The Annual Conference of ASEAN Chiefs of Police (ASEANAPOL) was then held in May 2002, and called for a joint cooperation in fighting terrorism

ASEAN focal point directory for ASEAN immigration authorities to exchange information was set up

ASEAN Efforts to Counter Terrorism

Meetings = fora to exchange ideas and information on best practices in fighting terrorism-related crimes

ASEAN Efforts to Combat Terrorism

2 main counterterrorism mechanisms

Senior Officials Meeting on

Transnational Crime

ASEAN Ministers Meeting on

Transnational Crime

Terrorism1. Information Exchange2. Legal Matters3. Law Enforcement Matters4. Training5. Institutional Capacity Building6. Extra-regional cooperation

ASEAN Plan of Action tocombat Transnational Crime

Compile national laws and regulations of Member States, pertaining to terrorism establishing regional repository of laws

Explore ways for ASEAN to cooperate with ASEANAPOL and relevant international organizations concerned with terrorism matters facilitate sharing of information and analysis of critical intelligence information   

Enhance cooperation in info. exchange among Member Countries and international agencies to combat terrorism. 

Exchange of info. on technology to detect and deter use of materials of mass destruction in terrorist attacks and develop means to deter cyber terrorism.

Exchange of info. on security practices for international special events, strengthen and expand international cooperation and consultation in anti-terrorist activities. 

Establish database of international treaties and agreements pertaining to terrorism/TNC

Enhance intelligence exchange to facilitate the flow of information, in particular, on terrorists and terrorist organizations, their movement and funding, and any other information needed to protect lives, property and the security of all modes of travel.

Information Exchange

Criminalisation of terrorism in ASEAN Member Countries  Developing legal arrangements to facilitate apprehension,

investigation in order to enhance mutual legal and administrative assistance among ASEAN Member Countries

Ratify all relevant anti-terrorist conventions including the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism                           

Study international conventions on terrorism integrating them with ASEAN mechanisms on combating international terrorism

Working on a regional operational agreement to combat terrorism  Work towards multilateral mutual legal assistance agreement

enhance cooperation in combating terrorist acts and deliberating on various aspects of the issue

Legal Matters

Enhance cooperation and coordination in law enforcement and intelligence sharing on terrorism issues affecting ASEAN Member Countries

  Deepen cooperation among front-line law

enforcement agencies in combating terrorism and sharing best practices

Law Enforcement Matters

Develop regional training programmes and conduct regular conferences to enhance existing capabilities in investigation, intelligence, surveillance, counter-terrorism, detection and monitoring and reporting of terrorist activities

ASEAN Member Countries conducting national training programmes may extend invitations to other ASEAN Member Countries to join their existing programs

Hold a multilateral seminar on emergency response to terrorist threats. 

Training

2003 Carry out training programmes and projects

(counter terrorism) psychological operation psychological warfare courses for law

enforcement authorities/ intelligence procuring

courses on explosive detection and post-blast investigation

on airport security/ documents security and inspection

ASEAN Efforts to Combat Terrorism

Review and strengthen national mechanisms of ASEAN Member Countries to combat terrorism

Strengthen existing cooperation between the AMMTC and all relevant ASEAN bodies in countering, preventing and suppressing terrorist acts

Finding ways to combat terrorist organizations, support infrastructure and funding and bringing the perpetrators to justice   

Develop regional capacity building programs to enhance existing capabilities of ASEAN Member Countries to investigate, detect, monitor and report on terrorist acts

Convene specialized workshops, seminars and training courses for ASEAN law enforcement officials on new forms of terrorism such as bio-terrorism and cyber-terrorism

InstitutionalCapacity Building

Explore practical ideas and initiatives to increase ASEAN's involvement with the international community to make the fight against terrorism a truly regional and global endeavour

Strengthen cooperation at bilateral, regional and international levels to combat terrorism and affirm that at the international level the United Nations should play a major role

Extra-regional cooperation

Jan 29, 2003 issued joint declaration including:1. joint efforts to get an early endorsement of UN

conventions aimed at combating terrorism and organized crime

2. provide more data sharing on terrorist suspects and their facilities

3. boost cooperation among law enforcement agencies

Terrorism “forms part of a complex set of new security challenges which have to be addressed urgently”

EU + ASEAN

Member states urged towards an early accession to all relevant anti-terrorist conventions

working toward establishment of regional database for disseminating information on national laws, regulations

addressing issue of prevention and suppression of terrorist financing

Work Programme Summary

Case Study on Bali

It was a hotspot for many foreigners visiting Southeast Asia

The terrorist wanted lots of international attention by massacring lots of people from different countries

Why was Bali aimed?

Al QaedaJemaah Islamiyah - Jihad

Who were responsible?

12 October 2002, a suicide bomber detonated a bomb in his backpack, inside the nightclub Paddy's Pub

A bomb hidden inside a white Mitsubishi van was detonated by another suicide bomber outside the Sari Club, located opposite Paddy's Pub and this bomb proved to be much more deadly

The bomb in the van could be controlled too by remote control (so that the terrorist plan would succeed)

A small bomb detonated outside the U.S. consulate in Denpasar after the 2 bombs

What happened

Effect of terrorism on Asean (case study Bali)

202 people from 22 countries were killedThe largest fatalities being 88 Australians

In 2002, bombing resulted in a fall in tourism in one of Asia’s top destinations

As the main source of income for the people was tourism, the economy was badly affected

For example, tourism dropped larger than 50% for a month after the bombings

Resulting in many Balinese people losing their livelihood

The government faced much pressure to relieve the hardships of the people

Spending was required too to beef up security in the region

Economic impact

After the Bali bombings, many Balinese wondered what had happened and how the security in Bali could have been so laid back

They could not earn enough money without the tourist and many became impoverished

Balinese mourned for their dead and many were shaken by the event, taking months to get out of their trauma

Social impact

The Indonesian government had a responsibility to keep their people safe from terrorist

Thus, much effort and time was needed to step up border security to tighten the security of the country

Immigrants hence took a longer time to be able to gain citizenship and tourists bemoaned the slow immigration clearance by the Indonesian immigration, a major deterrence (many thinking of Bali as unsafe too)

Political impact

In 2005, Bali was bombed again…Resulting in 20 victims

However…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ft7rgxkEdc4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUXq77uNg_g&feature=related

Videos

Looking at

Mas.Selamat.

Case Study: Mas SelamatBackground Information• Mas Selamat began his involvement

with terrorist group JI in the 1990s

• He was sent to Afghanistan for training in 1993 and in 1998, he studied Taliban system of government

• He was first arrested in 2003 in Bintan (Indonesia) to assist the police in their investigations of the bombings in Indonesia in recent years (most notably the 2002 Bali Bombings)

2006•He was arrested again for using a fake

identity in Java. Singapore then requested Mas Selamat’s extradition

2008 •He escaped from the detention centre when his family was visiting him

2009•Mas Selamat was captured on 1st April

2009, but was only reported to the public on 8th May

Mas Selamat : Background Information

• Mas Selamat was part of the terrorists group JI and was involved in discussing various terror plots including hijacking a plane from Bangkok and crashing it into the Singapore Changi Airport

• Malaysian Police Inspector-General Musa Hassan said the arrest in 2009 was only made possible as both ASEAN members had been sharing intelligence reports since his escape

• In 2006, Mas Selamat was able to be extradited to Singapore due to the signing of the Extradition Treaty signed by both Indonesia and Singapore in 2005

Case Study: Mas Selamat

ASEAN has loose organizational structures agreements are non-binding tradition of non-intervention in internal

affairs of nations

Effective?

2007 – Convention on Counter Terrorism pave a more legally binding approach to counterterrorism cooperation

reinforcing Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty framework for regional cooperation to counter, prevent and suppress terrorism

signing of ASEAN Charter establish ASEAN as legal entity, EU-style

EU-ASEAN enhanced partnership – called for increased linkages between law enforcement agencies share best practices combat TC and Terrorism

IMPROVEMENTS

http://www.aseansec.org/14396.htmhttp://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/sing

aporelocalnews/view/427691/1/.html http://www.aseansec.org/14037.htmhttp://www.aseansec.org/5616.htmhttp://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/9077

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