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S T R U C T U R A L A R T
BUROHAPPOLD ON
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Air Garden at LAX
Architect:Ball Nogues Studio
Image:Scott Mayoral
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3B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
BuroHappold Engineering is an independent, international engineering firmwith a reputation, built up over the last 40 years, for delivering creative, value led
building and city solutions for an ever changing world.
Described by our clients as passionate,
innovative, and collaborative, BuroHappold
Engineering has become synonymous with
the delivery of creative, value-led building
and city solutions for an ever changing
world. Experienced in working on every
continent, our clients include more than
90% of the worlds leading architecturalpractices. Additionally, we have collaborated
with global organizations such as the United
Nations, the World Bank, and UNESCO.
Supported by our global community
of driven, world-leading engineering
professionals, we deliver elegant solutions for
buildings and cities that seek to address the
major problems facing communities today.
Using integrated approaches that aim to
create innovative, holistic, and flexible
solutions, we work closely with a diverse
range of celebrated expertsarchitects,economists, academics, and visionaries
to define, develop, and deliver strategic,
people-focused outcomes. These strong
relationships provide us with additional
insight and perspectives that ensure the
solutions we find can more effectively
bridge science and society. Our work culture
drives the can-do attitude and the World
Architecture 100 poll has consistently voted
BuroHappold as one of the best engineering
organizations to work with.
The North America region was established in
1999 in New York and the firm now has five
offices across the country in Boston, Chicago,
Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco.
As a next generation engineering and
consulting firm, BuroHappold is designing
the most innovative projects across the U.S.,
ranging across all sectors. These include thePNC Bank Headquartersdesigned to be
the greenest office tower in the world; the
NFL Atlanta Falcons Stadiumwith a unique,
oculus retractable roof design; and the LEED
Platinum Anaheim Regional Transportation
Intermodal Center (ARTIC) in California
featuring a complex, geometric form, using
ETFE material. As a result of our experience
working on such diverse projects, our
engineers have gained an unparalleled depth
of knowledge and breadth of expertise.
BuroHappold prides itself on innovativethinking, technical rigor, and a sound
reputation for delivering truly high
performing, inspirational spaces. On all of
our projects, we use our industry knowledge
and experience to push boundaries and
achieve more. It is this commitment to
expansive thinking that sets us apart, adds
value, and is the essence of who we are.
FAST FACTS
Firm established in 1976
1600 total staff
27 offices worldwide
50 LEED certified projects
7 Net Zero Energy projects
Largest ETFE roof in North America
SERVICES
Structures
MEP/FP
Faades
Sustainability
Energy Modeling
Fire Life Safety
Civil/Infrastructure
Lighting Design
Master Planning
Project Management
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Aortic Arc
Architect:Visible Research Office
Image:Visible Research Office
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5B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
Complex structures are a unique
combination of architecture, cladding,
environment control, and structure.
Lightweight and versatile their use is
particularly applicable to the roofs ofsports stadia, stations and atria as well as
external canopies, sculptures, sunshades
and demountable structures. Not just tents,
these structures are flexible and adaptable
and can be used to create intriguing and
exciting sculptural shapes.
Fabric membrane structures use a woven
fabric membrane as the structure and
cladding. The tensioned membrane is
shaped into a smooth doubly curved
surface to give the structure stability and
a striking appearance. The membrane is
typically supported by masts and cables but
may also be fixed to continuous structural
support. The lightweight nature of the
material mitigates the need for larger, costly
supporting structures saving our clients
money without compromising on design.
Cable net structures use a network of
tensioned cables to provide the structure
to support a flexible cladding system.The complex geometry allows for large
spans between supports, transforming
spaces into open, light, bright places.
These large unobstructed spaces allow
for uninterrupted sight lines which are
particularly important at sporting and
performance venues. Khan Shatyr in Astana
balances a striking architectural form
while overcoming the extreme climate
and location challenges, offering visitors a
unique cultural experience.
Inflated structures use air pressure providedby a pump system to provide support
to a membrane surface. These inflated
chambers, or ETFE cushion cladding
system, was used in the recently completed
Anaheim Regional Transportation
Intermodal Center (ARTIC), and is now the
largest ETFE roof in North America.
Working with complex structures can
be complicated understanding theunpredictable strains and loads, ensuring
suitable installation and simple build-ability
alongside the non linear behavior of the
materials can be challenging. BuroHappold
Engineering works directly with our high
profile clients around the world, defining
the architectural concepts and bringing
them to life. From pioneering projects such
as the Pink Floyd Umbrellas used in their
1978 tour of America to the spectacular
Millennium Dome, the first of its kind in the
world, BuroHappold creates truly inspiring
and versatile structures.
COMPLEX STRUCTURES
Natural History Museum, Los Angeles Exhibit
Architect: Cinnabar
Image: Cinnabar
Stud Wall Art Installation
Architect: Ball-Nogues Studio
Image: Scott Mayoral
BuroHappolds complex structures and art projects are special. Not because we design or make the art butrather because we enable a realization: the realization of an artists vision. This demands a special kind ofservice; one of trust, care, value, and elegance.
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7B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
SELECT PROJECT EXPERIENCE
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AWARDST I ME MAG A ZI NE S 25 B ES T
INVENTIONS OF 2013
VOLVO PURE TENSIO N PAVILIONMILAN, ITALY
I N V E N T I N G T H E I N N O V AT I O N O F T H E F U T U R E
Images Umberto Tilomelli
CLIENTVolvo / The Plan Magazine
A R CH I T E CT
Synthesis Design + Architecture (SDA)
DURATION
Completed in 2013
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
The Volvo Pure Tension pavilion is adeployable solar structure for displaying
and charging Volvos new hybrid model.
The attention grabbing pavilion designed
by Los Angeles based Synthesis Design
+ Architecture (SDA), with help from
BuroHappold Engineering, Fabric Images
and Ascent Solar, debuted in Milan and
was named one of Time magazines 25 Best
Inventions of 2013.
Pure Tension emerged from a competition
sponsored by Volvo and Italian design
magazine The Plan, with an enticinglyvague brief; to identify a highly creative
installation design to showcase the Volvo
V60 Plug-In Diesel Hybrid. SDAs founder,
architect and USC professor Alvin Huang,
immediately saw the opportunity to up the
ante by fully pushing the limits of portability
and functionality.
The result, a first of its kind portablecharging station, hits every note; its iconic
form, collapsable fabric and aluminum
structure, and integrated photovoltaic
panels signal Volvos vision for culture
changing innovation in automotive design.
BuroHappold, applying a variety of
modeling tools, refined the perimeter frame
design into five arcs composed of 24 pieces,
making it cost effective to fabricate, efficient
to assemble and compact to store. The
membrane is comprised of pieces that zip
together and a frame which all fit neatly into two cases measuring 65 x 15 x 15 inches.
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Images Scott Mayoral
Copyright 1976-2015 BuroHappold Engineering. All Rights Reserved
CLIENTLos Angeles World Airports
A R CH I T E CT
Ball-Nogues Studio
DURATION
Completed in 2013
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
BuroHappold Engineering, on the designteam with Ball-Nogues Studio, worked
directly with Los Angeles World Airports
(LAWA) on our largest installation to date,
a public art piece in the north skylight of
the Tom Bradley International Terminal
at Los Angeles International Airport. The
sculpture is a sequence of hanging bead
chains of varying lengths that produces a
cloud-like appearance beneath the skylight.
Embodying qualities of light and space,
the colorful installation has been designed
to inspire quiet contemplation amidst the
chaotic activity of the busy airport.
BuroHappold performed form-finding
analysis to establish the hanging bead chain
shapes based upon weight distributions, as
well as the applied loads when suspended
from the primary structure of the building.
The computational design process ensured
the form-found relaxed position of each
catenary chain satisfied the intended
aesthetic vision of the artist, while also
ensuring the structural performance of
the sculpture would not be compromisedduring a seismic event.
Our specialist team applied an in-house
analysis tool that has been continuously
developed by the firm since the 1970s.
It was first used on projects with Frei Otto
and used most recently on the large scale
Millennium Dome project in London, an
exhibition space roof the largest of its kind
in the world. To put in perspective the
complexity of the Air Garden project, the
digital analysis model required a volume of
data 50 times larger than that required forthe complex Millennium Dome.
From the beginning, BuroHappold was
involved in several work sessions with
LAWA and the facilities team to coordinate
the actual installation as well as ongoing
maintenance requirements and schedules.
BuroHappold provided onsite support
during installation, and since the sculpture
had to be moved twice for preferred
placement, a lengthy approvals process with
LAWA was undertaken as well.
AIR G ARDEN AT LAXLOS ANGELES, CA
S O L U T I O N S T H A T M A K E I D E A S T A K E F L I G H T
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CLIENTCalifornia College of the Arts
ARCHITECT
Visible Research Office
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2009
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
A new canopy for a student lounge at theCalifornia College of the Arts (CCA) hangs
within a double-height space and functions
as a light scope, spatial definer, and viewing
portal. The minimum surface structure is
made up of 546 unique HDPE panels linked
to one another by over 4000 pop-rivets.
The name of the piece comes from its
resemblance in form to a portion of the
human heart and the fact that it leaps over
an existing structural beam. The surface is
suspended from three upper stainless steel
rings (two circular, one elliptical) which
are held and hold each other in tension. A
singular large parabolic ring functions as a
hoop skirt below.
The technical and artistic challenges are
unique and did not allow for a conventional
approach. Collaborating closely with the
designers, the engineers employed non-
linear analysis tools and parametric BIM
technology to model and predict the final
minimal energy form of the piece which,
structurally, behaves as a hybrid between acable-net and membrane structure.
A panelized system was developed using
Generative Components and a customized
Rhino script that took the raw data and
turned it into a drawing file to drive a CNC
milling machine that generated all the
parts. HDPE plastic, the same material used
to make milk jugs, was selected for the
panels due to its low cost, resistance to solar
degradation, recyclability, low embodied
energy, and high tensile capability.
AORTIC ARC, CALIFORNI A COLLEGE OF THE ARTSSAN FRANCISCO, CA
Image Visible Research Office
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The Manzanita Hall Shade Canopy projectis part of a $38 million renovation to an
existing high-rise dormitory at Arizona
State University. Constructed in 1967 of
post-tensioned concrete slabs and a precast
concrete V lattice structure, the Manzanita
Hall was an innovative, forward looking
design for the time. Studio Ma worked
with ASUs student housing development
partner, American Campus Communities,
to re-program, adapt and transform the
existing building into an active student life
community.
The shade canopy extends from the existing
entry out toward a pedestrian path. The
total shade canopy area is approximately
2,600ft2. The canopy design is intended
to respond to the cast concrete structural
lattice of the existing dormitory building.
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, MANZANITA HALL SHADE CANOPYTEMPE, AZ
CLIENTArizona State University
A R CH I T E CT
Studio Ma and Solomon Cordwell Buenz
PROJECT VALUE
$38 million
DURATION
Completed in 2013
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Images Studio Ma
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Image Paul Warchol
CLIENTArtsQuest
A R CH I T E CT
Elena Colombo
DURATION
Completed in 2011
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
SteelSacks is a ten-acre cultural campuslocated on the site of a former Bethlehem
Steel plant. Integrating the former
steel plant buildings into its fabric and
redeveloping some of the buildings for
new uses, the campus is comprised of the
ArtsQuest Performing Arts Center, the Levitt
Music Pavillion, PNC Plaza, Air Products
Town Square, PBS 39 broadcast and
education center, and a visitors center.
BuroHappold Engineering was engaged
as structural engineers for the design and
installation of Elena Colombos sculpture,The Bridge. The arching steel structure,
located in the plaza of the ArtsQuest
Performing Arts Center, is a 70ft long x 25ft
tall curved steel plate. Weighing 9 tons, the
sculpture features a vein of flames which
runs almost the full length of the structure
and is fueled by a 550,000 BTU gas line.
The BuroHappold team completedpreliminary calculations to test dynamic
performance and overall safety of the
structure. Reinforcements were added
to stablilize the structure through the
incorporation of two parallel, arched and
tapered box sections tied together by three
vertical shear plates along the length of the
piece. The team also performed additional
analysis to determine deflections and
moments which helped define the structure
of the steel box base. The base acts as a
cantilever beam that transfers the vertical
load to the foundation through bending
and shear stress.
BETHLEHEM SCULPTUREBETHLEHEM, PA
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CLIENTCliff Garten Studio
A R CH I T E CT
Cliff Garten Studio
DURATION
Completed in 2012
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering, model analysis
The City Center Sculpture is an obelisk of38ft in height composed of an outer surface
construction of stainless steel rods of 1/2in
diameter. The surface has a twist about the
center axis. Four 3 1/2in diameter rods run
vertically through the center and armatures
extend from these internal rods at an
interval that was determined by analysis.
DALLAS CITY CENTER SCULPTUREDALLAS, TX
Images Jeremy Green
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Images Ball-Nogues and Scott Mayoral
The Corner Glory Art Installation project isa public art piece installed on a new 6-story
commercial residential building in West
Hollywood. Designed by Ball-Nogues Studio
of Los Angeles, this permanent sculpture is
fully integrated with the structure, adding
visual appeal to a typical glass corner of a
residential building.
The sculptures visually dynamic form is
made from high grade polished stainless
steel panels. These have been cut into
strips like blades of grass, which extend
from and outline the glass curtain wall thatforms the primary corner of the structure.
The mirrored surfaces change visually
depending on the lighting conditions and
viewing angle, enlivening the buildings
glazed corner. Corner Glory has been
designed to have an impact beyond its
physical space and at over five stories high,
the sculpture is visible from a distance of
several blocks.
BuroHappold Engineering performeda structural analysis and developed
documentation for submission to the city
for approvals. Our team also provided
oversight assistance in the fabrication,
construction and installation phases.
A number of digital techniques were used to
fabricate the sculpture off site. The art work
was then installed in sections of three due
to the weight.
Corner Glory has made a significant
contribution to Los Angeles rich visual
culture, enhancing the corner of this busyintersection while acting as a striking
gateway for West Hollywood.
CORNER G LORY ART I NSTALLATIONWEST H OLLYWOOD, CA
CLIENTCA Essex Monarch Group
A R CH I T E CT
Ball-Nogues Studio
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2014
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
A N E W C U L T U R A L I C O N F O R W E S T H O L L Y W O O D
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15B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N GCopyright 1976-2014 BuroHappold Engineering . All Rights Res erved
CLIENTDirecTV
A R CH I T E CT
Electroland LLC
PROJECT VALUE
$2 million
DATES
Completed in 2013
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Situated within the lobby of the DirecTVHeadquarters building, the new media art
installation features a 150ft long curvilinear
canopy that extends in height to a point at
30ft where it then arches over and touches
the ground on the other side of the lobby,
becoming a three-dimensional portal. The
installation houses a large scale television
display screen which becomes the focus
of artistic design coupled with an LED
backlighting strategy that illuminates the
inside surface of the canopy.
BuroHappold Engineering worked withElectroland LLC to develop the structural
concept and detailing for the project in
coordination with the larger design intent
and to fit the capacity of the existing
building structure.
DIRECT V HEADQUARTERS LOBBY INSTALLATIONEL SEGUNDO, CA
Image Electroland LLC
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CLIENTSci-Arc Gallery Installation
A R CH I T E CT
Tom Wiscombe
DATES
Completed in 2007
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural design, 3D parametric fabrication
model within CATIA environment, assembly
and erection
Inspired by the morphology of the dragonflywing, DRAGONFLY is a highly irregular
grid-shell made of plate aluminum that
cantilevers 35ft from its supports. Both the
overall form and the patterning of cellular
tessellation were developed through an
adaptive approach that looked for emergent
behavioral characteristics and fabrication
logic. The designers sought performance
and wild variation. In doing so, Dragonfly
reconsiders optimality in engineering,
which is often about idealized problem
solving, and attempts a messy evolutionary
process closer to that seen in nature.
Developed through close collaboration with
EMERGENT, a design firm in Los Angeles
founded by Tom Wiscombe, Dragonfly is an
experiment on the fluid feedback of design
sensibility, engineering innovation and
fabrication logic in a contemporary digital
environment where these disciplines have
become intertwined like never before.
DRAGONFLYLOS ANGELES, CA
Images BuroHappold
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Images Bruce Cain
The Euphony is a unique art installationfeatured in the Nashville Music City
Center, consisting of catenaries attached
to a curved beam, which in turn is fixed to
the buildings structural steel. The client
employed BuroHappold Engineerings
structural expertise to realize Ball-Nogues
Studios ambitious vision.
The resulting effect is a cascading curtain of
individual metallic bead chains, hanging to
form a matrix of catenary curves. Euphony
is attached inside the east concourse of the
building, facing the Omni Nashville Hotel,and is nearly 140ft high. Its form amplifies
aesthetics of light, reflection and color,
creating a visual spectacle and physical
sensation in a public space.
Euphony descends dramatically from a
suspended source, returning skyward on a
new path forming two shells of pattern and
color. Depending on the viewers vantage
point, the 1,141 colored chains may blur to
a vaporous visual composition or appear as
a hard edged geometric form. The artistsassembled the materials with a digital
cutting machine developed in their own
studio. With the help of BuroHappold, they
were able to successfully transport and
manoeuvre their creation on site.
Another major challenge facing
BuroHappold was safely lifting the total
weight of the artwork and ring beam, at
around 3,500 pounds. Twenty five miles of
steel chain required attachment to a 30ft x
8ft steel ring suspended from the ceiling,
hanging 117ft to 10ft 11in above firstfloor level. Our team used its experience
of structural engineering to help artists
Benjamin Ball and Gaston Nogues find
solutions for securing such a weight.
BuroHappolds extensive knowledge of steel
structures and materials allowed us to work
closely with the artists and the Nashville
Music City Center, making their vision a
spectacular reality and providing an eye
catching artwork for the building.
EUPHONY AT NASHVILLE MUSIC C ITY CENT ERNASHVILLE, TN
CLIENTThe Convention Center Authority of the
Metropolitan Government of Nashville and
Davidson County
A R CH I T E CT
Ball-Nogues Studio
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2013
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLDStructural engineering
A V I S U A L S P E C T A C L E T H AT H I T S A L L O F T H E R I G H T N O T E S
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Images Volkan Alkanoglu DESIGN LLC
The University of Oregon recentlycompleted a renovation of Fenton Hall
which has been home to the mathematics
department for the past 35 years.
In addition to updating the interior,
the University hosted an open competition
for the design of an installation to hang in
the buildings atrium.
The winning submission came from Los
Angeles artist Volkan Alkanoglu, whose
mathematically inspired installation has
been designed to prompt communication
among the three floors of Fenton Hall.
SubDivision is a 14 foot high, by 10 foot
long, by 4 foot wide sculptural form
derived from the curving geometry created
by several opposed ellipses. The installation
is composed of 550 uniquely shaped
aluminum sheets, each constructed using
a custom scripted algorithm. Over 5,000
aluminum rivets have been used to hold the
components together.
BuroHappold provided an evaluation ofthe technical feasibility and preparation of
concept drawings and calculations.
Our specialist team used the architects
digital 3D model to establish the objects
weight and develop a connection strategy
for the complex sculptural installation.
The team determined that five steel cables
should been used to balance the 60lb
sculpture in space and ensure its stability
in the event of an earthquake. This hanging
method is both safe and aesthetically
pleasing.
The resulting art work succeeds in
encapsulating the past, present and future
of Fenton Hall while providing an engaging
visual and physical link between its
different floors.
UNIVERSIT Y OF OREGON, FENTON HALL, SUBDIVI SIONEUGENE, OR
CLIENTVolkan Alkanoglu | DESIGN LLC
A R CH I T E CT
Volkan Alkanoglu | DESIGN LLC
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2013
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
A M O D E R N M AT H E M A T I C A L M A S T E R P I E C E
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CLIENTFeria Inaternacional Del Libero
ARCHITECT
John Friedman Alice Kimm Architects
DURATION
Completed in 2009
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
These seven balloon-like sculptures aresuspended from above by an existing space
truss. These sculptures are air supported
and fixed within in space by a minimum of
three tie-down points to prevent side-sway.
In their fixed positions, the surfaces of the
balloons function as projection screens. This
pavilion celebrated Los Angeles at the Feria
Internacional Del Libero in Guadalajara,
Mexico.
GUADELEJARA BOOK FAIR PAVILIONGUADELEJARA, MEXICO
Image JFAK
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CLIENTHeath Satow
DURATION
Completed in 2014
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
The project is a public art installationconsisting of three primary elements.
Element 1 is a 23ft tall, ground mounted
steel structure fashioned as three dandelion
seeds. Element 2 is a smaller steel structure
fashioned as a dandelion seed mounted to
an existing freestanding wall. Element 3 is
similar in size to Element 2 and is attached
to the wall of a new building.
BuroHappold Engineering performed
a feasibility review of the project as
planned, and upon technical confirmation,
proceeded with structural detailing andpreparation of engineering calculations
for the art installation. We provided an
engineering report including calculations
and design sketches and technical notes for
incorporation into Heath Satow Sculptures
design documentation which was used for
permit and construction.
HEATH SATOW WISH SCUL PTURELOS ANGELES, CA
Images Heath Satow
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CLIENTBall-Nogues Studio
A R CH I T E CT
Ball-Nogues Studio
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completion expected in 2015
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
BuroHappold Engineering is providingstructural analysis and design of the Ball-
Nogues Healing Garden art piece, a steel
lattice structure anchored to an existing
concrete structure. The art piece consists
of two elements: the steel lattice sculpture
above finished floor and the steel platform
below finished floor. In addition to the
lattice sculpture, the platform also supports
a portion of a water feature and wood
walkway.
HEALING GARDEN PAVILIONLOS ANGELES, CA
Renderings Ball-Nogues Studio
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The public art installation is composed ofone sculpture element to be supported by
new foundations in the universitys campus
courtyard. The sculpture is made from
polished stainless steel cladding mounted
on a stainless steel structure supported
by foundations. The cladding panels will
be made into rectilinear capped pyramids
and will have an open gap when attached
to the primary structure for drainage.The
art installation measures 15 in height, 12
wide and 17 in length and will have lighting
elements that will be operated by a set
of motion sensors placed in the adjacent
buildings lobby.
BuroHappold is performing a feasibilityreview of the project as planned, and
upon technical confirmation, will proceed
with structural detailing and preparation
of engineering calculations for the art
installation.
INFLORESCENCE AT UNIVERSIT Y OF ALASKA, ANCH ORAGEANCHORAGE, AK
CLIENTUniversity of Alaska at Anchorage
ARTIST
Heath Satow
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completion expected in 2015
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Rendering Heath Satow
Technical Images BuroHappold
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CLIENTLos Angeles County Museum of Art
A R CH I T E CT
Michael Heizer
PROJECT VALUE
$10M
DURATION
Completed in 2011
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering and design
Levitated Massby artist Michael Heizeris a 346 ton rock sculpture at the Los
Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA).
This $10 million project is an outdoor
installation comprising a giant rock resting
over a trench, through which visitors can
walk. BuroHappold Engineering worked
with the artist to create structure for this
extraordinary visual experience.
The task involved securing the vast boulder,
but also enabling visitors to engage
with it in a unique and meaningful way.
Maneuvering the rock into place whileallowing the artist to make adjustments
required creative engineering solutions.
The key challenge was to design a rock
anchor small enough to satisfy the artist, but
sufficiently strong to secure the rock in the
event of an earthquake. Sloping concrete
trench walls and a system of stainless
steel shelves proved to be a perfect
combination. Respectful of the artists
vision, neither approach compromises the
rocks structural integrity. The passage under
the sculpture means that visitors can viewthe boulder from below an experience
that makes it seem as if it is levitating.
To allow the artist to make site
adjustments, BuroHappold laser-scanned
the rock while preparing its placement.
Aligning the rock to its supports was a
precarious operation; the process changed
weekly and was repeated more than
50 times using an immense gantry system.
BuroHappold accompanied the artist and
installation crew throughout the procedure,
observing and reviewing field modificationswhile supporting the artist in his aesthetic
decisions.
The outcome is a feat of engineering where
almost every structural element plays a role
in the art the installation connects cutting-
edge design with abstract 1960s Minimalist
sculpture and an ancient monumental form.
Just as important to the exhibits success is
its ability to welcome the public to LACMA
and to art itself.
LEVITATED MASS AT LOS ANGELES COUNTY MUSEUM OF ARTLOS ANGELES, CA
A N I N S T A L L A T I O N W H I C H L I F T S A R T T O N E W H E I G H T S
Image Eric Staudenmaier
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24 S T R U C T U R A L A R T
Live Wire stems from the desire to occupythe SCI-Arc Gallery in a way that exploits
the spatial potential of the existing
venue and strives to define an expanded
relationship between tectonic expression
and functional performance. The installation
proposes a vertical circulation system, a
stair, linking the floor level of the gallery
to the catwalk above and is constructed
of approximately 2,400 linear feet of
aluminum tubing and rods. The stair, often
relegated to pure functional use, is a testing
ground for weaving together a multitude
of architectural ideas, ranging from the
manipulation of light, geometry, and
structure to vertical circulation. Live Wire is
aimed at suggesting an expanded definition
of architectural elements, one that
surpasses boundaries of simple functions
and suggests intangible results.
BuroHappold worked with the designers
from the onset to establish a set of specific
structural engineering, fabrication and
assembly parameters. Available materials
and means-and- methods for fabricationand construction were considered and,
to a large degree, these constraints were
exploited from a design standpoint. For
example, BuroHappold developed a digital
fabrication model with which we could
rationalize and standardize the bend
angles of the pipes parametrically. The
process enabled Oyler Wu to explore a
formal vocabulary all the while remaining
within not only a feasible but a highly
performative domain. Each permutation of
the design consisted of physical modeling
to understand spatial qualities, digital
modeling to understand assembly and
structural analysis to provide performance
feedback in tandem. Thus, the design
evolved towards a formally compelling and
high performance end result.
LIVE WIRELOS ANGELES, CA
CLIENTSouthern California Institute of Architecture
(SCI-Arc)
A R CH I T E CT
Oyler Wu Collaborative
PROJECT VALUE
$10 K
DURATION
Completed in 2008
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering, parametric modeling
Image Olyer Wu Collaborative and BuroHappold
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25B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
A temporary platform for performance, TheLong Beach Mobile ArtSpace transforms
vacant lots within this portside city into
alternative venues for public engagement
beyond traditional theater, bringing the arts
into dialogue with the community at large
while being informed by a broad range
of programmatic, social, and economic
agendas.
Appearing on site as an enigmatic black
box, a helium-filled beacon emerges from
within, taking on a range of atmospheres
and effects and broadcasting to thesurrounding community. Designed for
maximum flexibility, the boxs perimeter
unfolds into a cruciform stage, able
to support end stage, thrust, or arena
configurations. Rising overhead, a canopy
of netting, steel, and balloons creates a
new kind of fly tower where the traditional
gravity of scenography is inverted. Sound
and projection are atomized, creating a
sonic landscape of individual campfires
of sound, heightening spatial and social
intimacy between audience members.Finally, while the performance may be over,
the experience of the project continues
as the box remains on site, a site-specific
sound installation providing a layered echo
of past performances within the projects
urban context.
Taken in sum, the project builds on its
provisional, mobile nature to create a
continuing narrative of transformation
physical, performative, and ultimately,
urbancreating maximum effect from
minimal means.
LONG BEACH MOBILE ARTSPACELONG BEACH, CA
CLIENTArts Council for Long Beach, Long Beach
Community Redevelopment Agency, Long
Beach Opera, Khmer Arts Academy
DESIGN TE AM
Steve Roden (artist), Formation Association
(environmental design), 64North (architecture)
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2011
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Images Steve Roden / Formation Association /
64North
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26 S T R U C T U R A L A R T
The Malibu Lagoon Restoration Projectinvolves the re-grading of an existing
wetland and the design and construction
of various elements (paths, canopies,
guardrails, etc.) which help interpret the
site and make it accessible to visitors.
BuroHappold provided structural
engineering services for the following six
elements:
A steel awning/canopy structure which
covers 720ft2and features flat steel plates
cut into a series of overlapping discs and
perforated to resemble kelp patterns.The canopy is supported on 9 vertical
steel column elements embedded into a
foundation.
The Surfer Wall which defines the
southern boundary of the site and
projects a minimum of 6 above ground
elevation and extends 880.
The Winter Amphitheater which consists
of a 4 wide and 240 long walkway and
a 400 SF platform. The walkway and
platform will be submerged for partof the year in brackish water as the
water elevation in the lagoon fluctuates
seasonally.
The Watershed Fountain is a 24ft2cast
bronze sculpture placed at the entrance
of the site to show the topography of
the Malibu Creek watershed in three
dimensions.
No. 2 Bird Observation Platform
measures 350ft2 and is made of
engineered wood atop a typical deck
framing system and concrete foundation
elements.
Watershed Observation Point is a
concrete platform 60 long that tapers in
width from 12 to 8 and cantilevers out
over the lagoon.
MALIBU LAGOON RESTORATION CANOPI ESMALIBU, CA
CLIENTResource Conservation District of the Santa
Monica Mountains
A R CH I T E CT
Clark Stevens
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2013
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Images BuroHappold Engineering
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27B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
The project is an interactive public artinstallation consisting of an integrated
light system fitted within a steel structure
fashioned as flowers within a vase. Sensors
mounted within the piece sense pedestrian
movement and trigger lighting elements
to produce an interactive experience.
The 460ft2, 30 high structure is installed
in a new street plaza. The installation is
permanently located and mounted to a
structural base. Steel rods extend from the
base like flower stems to position the steel
flower-like elements in space. BuroHappold
Engineering performed a feasibility review
of the project as planned, and upon
technical confirmation, proceeded with
detail design of the art installation.
METAL MATISSENORFOLK, VA
CLIENTElectroland
A R CH I T E CT
Electroland
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2013
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Images Electroland
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28 S T R U C T U R A L A R T
The project, titled Memorial is a public artpiece installed on the exterior faade of
the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit
Authority District II Substation building.
The sculpture is a composition of CNC
aluminum plates folded and arrayed into
a formal three-dimensional composition.
BuroHappold provided an evaluation of
technical feasibility and preparation of
concepts. The team used the digital model
provided by the artist to establish object
weight and develop a connection/frame
strategy.
MTPD D ISTRI CT II S UBSTATION MEMORIA L INSTALLATIONWASHINGTON, D.C.
CLIENTWashington Metropolitan Area Transit
Authority
A R CH I T E CT
Volkan Alkanoglu | DESIGN LLC
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2014
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Image Volkan Alkanoglu | DESIGN LLC
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29B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
CLIENTNatural History Museum of Los Angeles County
A R CH I T E CT
Cinnabar
DURATION
Completed in 2013
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Forming part of a decade long $135 milliontransformation of the Natural History Museum
of Los Angeles County, the project to create
the Becoming Los Angeles installation
would see a permanent exhibition for the
museum. The exhibition seeks to explore the
growth of the Los Angeles over the course
of five centuries, displaying a diverse range
of artifacts to demonstrate the relationship
between citys ecological and cultural histories.
BuroHappold Engineering worked with
architect Cinnabar to create the exceptional
three-dimensional ribbon canopy that winds
through the gallery space to guide visitors
through the exhibition. The canopys sense
of movement relied on the steel ribbons and
supporting rods and cables being as slender
as possible, while strong enough to support
the structure. The canopy needed to be light
enough to hang from the museum ceiling
without requiring additional reinforcements,
while optimizing the complex form to facilitate
fabrication and installation also was a key
consideration. Our team performed advanced
digital modeling to demonstrate how these
challenges could be overcome.
Engaging with the project at an early stageenabled our team to produce a strategy for
developing a series of curved pieces that
would form the installation. By using complex
3D modeling software, we were able to
inform the design, which comprises 4,500ft
of steel ribs, produced using lightweight steel
sheet that also meets seismic performance
requirements. Further demonstrating the
need for close collaboration, BuroHappold
worked with the exhibit and lighting
designers to deliver the project. Integrated
LED lighting illuminates the white steel
ribbons while also highlighting the exhibitsfour touchdown points. The supporting rods
and cables, painted in mat black, disappear
into the black painted ceiling and walls.
Traveling with the visitor through six eras of LA
history, the canopy flows through each of the
four galleries that house the displays to bring
the exhibition together as one. A key part of
the Natural History Museums transformation,
Becoming Los Angeles reflects the very best of
contemporary museum design.
NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTYLOS ANGELES EXHIBI T, LOS ANGELES, CA
A S W E E P I N G I N S T A L L A T I O N T H AT C O N N E C T S T H E PA S T
Image Cinnabar
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30 S T R U C T U R A L A R T
CLIENTCity of Phoenix
A R CH I T E CT
Janet Echelman
PROJECT VALUE
$2.5 million
DURATION
Completed in 2009
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Special project engineering
The project is a sculpture at the newPhoenix Civic Space located in Phoenix,
Arizona. The net was commissioned under
the artistic direction of Janet Echelman in
collaboration with CAID Industries and the
Phoenix Art Commission. The intention of
the artwork was to make patterns of wind
visible to the human eye as choreographed
by the wind. The artist drew inspiration from
the desert landscape. The net sculptures
consist of large somewhat circular draped
PTFE nets supported by steel rings. The steel
rings are suspended by a series of cables
tied to steel masts anchored with tie down
cables to the landscape below.
The net itself is an open weave construction
made from woven strands of PTFE fibers
that are draped into a sculptural form.
The overall net is comprised of a series of
sculptural nets and a wormhole net that
define the visible form, supported on a
structural net whose anticlastic curvature
is developed by the hanging weight of
the sculpture. The properties of braidedsections and the size of the knotted cells of
the netting vary throughout the sculpture
to respond to the structural requirements
under loading and the visual criteria
provided by the artist.
PHOENIX CIV IC SPACE SCULPTUREPHOENIX, AZ
Images Janet Echelman
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31B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
CLIENTMichael Kalish
A R CH I T E CT
Oyler Wu Collaborative
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2010
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
AWARDS
2011 AIACC Design Awards Merit Award for
Small Projects
A collaboration between Oyler WuCollaborative and Michael Kalish, this
traveling installation is built as a tribute
to the life and cultural significance of
Muhammad Ali. The piece was conceived
as an experiential 2-D image with the core
of the project a seemingly random field of
1,300 boxing speed bags that, when viewed
from a single vantage point, form a pixilated
image of the face of Muhammad Ali.
The structure is designed with the intention
of simultaneously supporting the clarity
and focus from that vantage point, whileenriching the experience of the piece from
all others, through a combination of dense
structural bundles, material effects, and
geometrical repetition. A structural strategy
was developed that utilizes a complex
3-dimensional mesh, incorporating multiple
diameters of tubing and strategically placed
aluminum flatbar. The legs are made up
of continuously looping aluminum tubes;
they suggest no starting or stopping
point, but rather they exist as a set of
intricate bundles that oscillate betweenrepetitive, geometrical patterns and a more
random and incoherent accumulation of
material, depending on your proximity and
orientation.
Complicating the structural design intention
is the need for modularity, a requirement
that typically calls for a more simplified and
easily recognizable group of units. In this
case, that conventional approach would
have prevented a sense of dynamism and
visually continuity, consequently leading to
the exploration of methods that exploit thegeometric complexity for the concealment
of the modular units. Ultimately, the
modularity is achieved by bundling multiple
tubes together, and by nesting each leg
seamlessly into the adjacent leg.
REALIZEUSA
Images Oyler Wu Collaborative
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32 S T R U C T U R A L A R T
CLIENTCity of Santa Monica
A R CH I T E CT
Ball-Nogues Studio
PROJECT VALUE
Confidential
DURATION
Completed in 2010
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
BuroHappold Engineering providedstructural engineering for this public art
project situated on the exterior wall of an
existing parking structure at a mall in Santa
Monica. The art piece is an aggregation
of mirror polished stainless steel spheres
and operates structurally like an enormous
Newtons Cradle, the ubiquitous toy found
on the desktops of corporate executives in
Hollywood films. Each ball is suspended by
a cable from a point on the wall and locked
in position by a combination of gravity and
neighboring balls.
CRADLE INSTALLATIONSANTA MONICA, CA
Images Benjamin Ball
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33B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
CLIENTThe City of Los Angeles and Getty Trust
A R CH I T E CT
Brooks + Scarpa
PROJECT VALUE
$9 million
DURATION
Completed in 2011
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Located on the wall of the Italian Hall in ElPueblo Historic Park, the mural La America
Tropical by artist David Alfaro Siqueiros
was refurbished by the Getty Conservation
Institute and the City of Los Angeles.
BuroHappold Engineering designed a 80ft x
35ft canopy enclosure to protect the mural
from future environmental degradation.
A custom structural steel space frame
forms the canopy and spans between two
new column supports. The columns are
strategically located to provide unimpeded
viewing of the mural while taking intoconsideration the complex arrangement of
existing historic buildings below. Micropile
foundations are used due to close quarters
within the existing buildings and to avoid
impacting the historic Zanja Madre drain
pipe buried below the structure.
SIQUEIROS INTERPRETI VE CENTER MURAL CANOPYLOS ANGELES, CA
Image Brooks + Scarpa
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34 S T R U C T U R A L A R T
The Stud Wall Art Installation projectis a public art piece installed on a new
commercial residential building in West
Hollywood, CA. The sculpture is made of
high-grade translucent perforated stainless
steel and open wire mesh and is suspended
from the top edge of the building by a
system of approximately 98 marine grade
stainless steel cables and hardware. Each
cable is connected to one of the individual
modules that comprise the art piece.
The cables are an integral aspect of the
sculptures overall aesthetic and contributeto its sense of lightness and intricacy. The
sculpture was fabricated off site over a
course of months using a number of digital
techniques. BuroHappold Engineering
performed a structural analysis and
developed documentation for submission
to the city for approvals as well as provided
oversight assistance in the fabrication,
construction and installation phases.
STUD WALL AR T INSTALLATIONWEST HOLLYWOOD, CA
CLIENTCA Essex Monarch Group
A R CH I T E CT
Ball-Nogues Studio
DURATION
Completed in 2014
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Images Scott Mayoral
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35B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
Designed by Ball-Nogues Studio, theTalus Dome resides on a newly graded
embankment adjacent to the Quesnell
Bridge / Whitemud Freeway in Edmonton.
The sculpture is a composition of
approximately 2,000 different sized stainless
steel balls assembled into a vaulted dome
structure.
This unique sculpture is void in the center
rather than solid and has spaces and gaps
between the spheres, leaving the viewer
to complete the shape of the mound while
also being able to see between the spheresand through the mound. The surface of
the dome takes on different colors with the
changing seasons as it literally reflects its
surroundings. At certain times of the year it
may have a strong visual presence along the
Drive, and at others, it will visually recede,
as if camouflaged to blend into its setting.
Its visual quality is not static, and therefore
it will create an appealing tension between
the permanence that it exhibits
Buro Happold was commissioned to providestructural engineering and faced challeges
due to the nature of the dome as well as its
location on a sloped embankment. To keep
the domes shape, it will be anchored to a
reinforced concrete ring beam supported
upon deep foundations.
TA LUS DOMEEDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA
CLIENTEdmonton Arts Council
A R CH I T E CT
Ball-Nogues Studio
DURATION
Completed in 2012
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Image Lawrence Kwok
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36 S T R U C T U R A L A R T
A public art sculpture, this outdoorinstallation is covered by a woven net
canopy of hand-crafted lace netting made
of rope. A constellation of steel rings linked
by cables rise to three distinct points
from which the canopy is hoisted in the
air by three crane structures. The space
underneath the canopy will be used as a
gathering and live performance space.
URBAN LAB SCULPTURELOS ANGELES, CA
CLIENTArts Council of Long Beach
A R CH I T E CT
Greenmeme
DURATION
Completed in 2009
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering
Images Greenmeme
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37B U R O H A P P O L D E N G I N E E R I N G
Images Iwamoto Scott Architecture (ISAR
VOUSSOIR CLOUDLOS ANGELES, CA
CLIENTSouthern California Institute of Architecture
(SCI-Arc)
A R CH I T E CT
Iwamoto Scott Architecture (ISAR)
PROJECT VALUE
$10,000
DURATION
Completed in 2008
SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUROHAPPOLD
Structural engineering, parametric modeling
In this installation the structuraloptimization of the form is based upon
the funicular arch, or the hanging chain,
a relatively well known principle explored
by the Catalan architect Anton Gaudi and
later by the German architect Frei Otto.
The fundamental idea of this principle is
that a chain hung from both ends adopts
an arch-like profile in which it only has
axial tension; there is no shear or bending
force simply because the chain is physically
unable to transfer a shear or bending
force from link to link. If this hanging chain
geometry is inverted to form an arch the
tension becomes a compression force, with
the added advantage that the resulting
structure still has no shear or bending force.
If a series of chains are connected together
on a regular quadrilateral grid, the resulting
net can be hung as described above and
the grid will deform as the net adopts a
funicular shape. The net can also be inverted
to create a funicular vault, a shell structure
with an astonishingly thin profile- enabled
by the lack of shear or bending forces withinthe cross-section of the surface.
Voussoir Cloud was created as a series of
funicular vaults that are stable in section
because the hanging-chain form creates a
purely compressive profile. The vaults are
stable in plane because the triangulated
petal tessellation creates a naturally rigid
surface. The vaults are stable as an overall
system because adjacent vaults are in
equilibrium at the intervening rib; the
outward thrust of one vault is balanced
by the equal and opposite thrust of theadjacent vault. The ribs also function
as a stiff pathway for the compressive
force in each vault to travel down to the
gallery floor. The interdependence of this
redundant structural system can be seen by
gently pushing on the structure at different
locations; the overall structure will deform in
unexpected ways.
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