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BureauofEconomic
Geology
APPLICATIONS OF 3-D SEISMIC TO EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS: SOUTH COWDEN GRAYBURG FIELD, WEST TEXAS
Stephen C. Ruppel, Yong-Joon Park, and F. Jerry Lucia
Bureau of Economic GeologyThe John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences
The University of Texas at Austin
BureauofEconomic
Geology
GEOLOGIC SETTING
MAJOR GRAYBURG RESERVOIRS
Permian Basin
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Geology
0 50 mi FT. STOCKTON
APACHE MTS
GUADALUPE MTS
CARLSBAD
N MEXTEXAS
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
89
10
13
14
15
DiabloPlatform
SIERRA DIABLO
11
12
16
N
Delaware
Basin
Midland
Basin
9
COWDEN NORTH
FOSTER
WADDELL
DUNE
MCELROY
BIG LAKE
WORLD
OLSON
FARMER
SOUTH COWDEN
78
10111213141516
9
GRAYBURG-JACKSON
VACUUM
EUNICE-MONUMENT
KEYSTONE
MABEE
MIDLAND FARMS
123456
GRAYBURG STRUCTURESouth Cowden Field
GLORIETA PLATFORM MARGIN
WELLS
CORED WELLS
16
1100
'
0 5000'
1500
'
1500'
43
1700'
37
CI = 50'
47
48
42
1
2
11
12
13
14
7
17
18
9
8
5
4
6
44
45
41
N
-1000' to -1450'
-1450' to -1600'
> 1600'
SEQUENCE ARCHITECTUREGrayburg Formation, South Cowden Field
Seq. boundary
High-freq. cycleTidal flat
Siltstone
Grain-dom. pack/gnstn
Fusulinid wackestone
Pel./skel. wacke/pkstn
QueenFm.
SanAndresFm.
Q1
Guad13
G4
G3
G2
G1
W E
2000
50 ft
00
ft
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Geology
N
0
0 5000 ft
1500 m
L arg e-s c ale an h y d r i te rem o v al ;c a lc i t e-l in ed v u g s
A ltered an h yd r i tean d g yp su m
No d u lar, p o ik i lo to p ic an dv o id -f i l l in g an h y d r i t e
Co r ed w el l s
O /W c o n t ac t
SULFATE DIAGENESISSouth Cowden Grayburg Reservoir
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Geology
ANHYDRITE DISSOLUTION Grayburg Formation, South Cowden Field
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Geology
PATTERNS OF SULFATE DIAGENESISSouth Cowden Grayburg Reservoir
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Geology
0
0
5000 ft
1000 m
Partly altered sulfate, good perm.Sulfate absent, highest perm.
Abundant sulfate, low perm.
High frequency sequenceCycle
200
00
60
ftm
No. 13-11 No. 9-17No. 8-12
No. 6-16
No. 6-20
O/W (-1850)
No. 7-1
No. 12-1
No. 7-4
Queen
Grayburg
DISTRIBUTION OF PORE TYPESAND PERMEABILITY
Permeability
OWC
kh < 100
kh 100 - 500
kh 500 - 1000
kh > 1000
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Geology
Pore Types
OWC
PILLARS
Permeability
OWC
PILLARS
kh < 100
kh 100 - 500
kh 500 - 1000
kh > 1000
Cumulative Production
< 100 Mbbl
100-500 Mbbl
> 1000 Mbbl
500-1000 Mbbl
OWC
PERMEABILITY AND PRODUCTION TRENDS
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Geology
UNDERPRODUCED AREAS
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Geology
3-D INTERPRETATION OF STRUCTURAL SETTING
SOUTH COWDEN FIELD STRUCTURETop Grayburg
1 mile
- 650 ms
- 700 ms
- 750 ms
- 800 ms
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Geology
Moss Unit
South Cowden Unit
OWC
Two-way Travel Time
Yates
Queen
Grayburg
U San Andres
NW SE
Clear Fork
500 ms
1000 ms
3-D SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY South Cowden Field
1 mileBureau
ofEconomic
Geology
L
M
Lowstand wedge
Glorieta platform margin
Moss Unit survey South Cowden survey
Grayburg reservoir
- 650 ms
- 750 ms
- 850 ms
- 1050 ms
- 950 ms
- 600 ms
- 650 ms
- 700 ms
- 800 ms
- 750 ms
OWC
Moss Unit
S. Cowden Unit
Foster Unit
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Geology
DEVELOPMENT OF RESERVOIR STRUCTURE
Top Clear Fork Structure Top Grayburg Structure
2 miles
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Geology
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Geology
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Geology
3-D DELINEATION OF RESERVOIR POROSITY
600 ms
700 ms
800 ms
SEISMIC RESOLUTION OF RESERVOIR POROSITYAmplitude
San Andres
Grayburg
MainPay
Zone
Queen
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Geology
700 ms
800 ms
1 mile
GR DT
16-3A Grayburg
San Andres
HORIZON SLICING OF RESERVOIR INTERVAL
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Geology
W E
- 5ms-10ms-15ms-20ms
Queen
MAP OF SEISMIC AMPLITUDE
Maximum Negative Amplitude20 ms window
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Geology
2 mile
strong
weak
OWC
NEGATIVE AMPLITUDE ARCHITECTURE
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Geology
+
_
700 ms
800 ms
GR GRDT DTNW SE
San Andres
Grayburg
Queen
COMPARISON OF SEISMIC AMPLITUDE AND CALCULATED PERMEABILITY
Negative Amplitude (20 ms)
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Geology
2 mile
Permeability
OWC
kh < 100
kh 100 - 500
kh 500 - 1000
kh > 1000
strong
weak
OWC
PILLARS
COMPARISON OF SEISMIC AMPLITUDE AND CUMULATIVE OIL PRODUCTION
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Geology
2 mile
Negative Amplitude (20 ms) Cumulative Production
< 100 Mbbl
100-500 Mbbl
> 1000 Mbbl
500-1000 Mbbl
OWCstrong
weak
OWC
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Geology
CONCLUSIONS
• 3-D seismic data are a valuable compliment to wireline data in defining the structural setting and distribution of reservoir properties in the South Cowden Grayburg field.
• 3-D data illustrate that the field owes its development to the deposition of a lowstand progradational wedge during the middle San Andres.
• Regional data suggest that such progradational wedges may be common along the margin of the Central Basin platform where they provide the structural underpinnings for reservoir development.
• Simple amplitude extraction provides an excellent image of phih and kh distribution which can be used to guide future field exploitation.
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