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ATTANON WONGLUANG # 3320483004MA DESIGN CRITICAL PRACTICE
open documentaryWhy ?
‘ Because the essence of technology is nothing technological, essential reflection upon technology and decisive confrontation with it must happen in realm that is, on the one hand, akin to the essence of technol-ogy and, on the other, fundamentally different from it.’
(Heidegger 1977 P.35)
As technology is embedded in our everyday life, and people tend to forget the meaning of
technology. As a consequence, more and more people begin to question technology, we control
technology or technology control us?, are we free from technology or are we tie to them? and if we
are tie to technology, how can we be free from them? In order to answer these questions, we have to
understand our relationship to them and understand its essence. This essay aims to introduce the possi-
bility to open our relationship with technology and answer the question why open network is better
than close one, by comparing the theoretical research with the project I’ve developed namely, ‘BBC
open documentary’.
This essay is divided into sixth sections altogether. The first section is the part where the termi-
nology of technology from Heidegger, 1977 is discuss and the relationship between human and tech-
nology is illustrate. The second section describe the role of communication technology such as com-
puter, internet, cyberspace. Also a possibility of how to be free from technology is introduce. The third
section is the introduction of BBC open documentary project, a collaborate project between Gold-
smiths and BBC, starting from the description of BBC network itself in this section. The fourth section ex-
plains about the concept of ‘BBC open documentary’ and its sub-project called ‘Future documen-
tary’ I’ve developed. The fifth section shows four scenario of how to use both ‘BBC open documen-
tary’ and ‘Future documentary’. And the sixth section explains about the benefit of BBC and its users.
Lastly, it is the brief conclusion.
Section 1 :How technology control us ?
Before I discuss further on why open network is better
than the close one and how to be free from technology
that constructed our life, I would trace back to the history of
technology in order to understand the relationship between
technology and human. So, what is technology mean to
us? According to Heidegger, M. in his essay ‘the question
concerning technology’(1977), In general people under-
stand technology in term of instrumental which would bring
the imagination to existence. In the ancient doctrine, tech-
nology can refer to ‘a mean to the end’ or to explain, tech-
nology leads to the end of each product in the production
process.
Furthermore, the process of making in ancient time
based on Aristotle’s four causality. I would give a process of
making ceramics cup as an example in order to explain four
causality. First is the material cause (hyle) is the clay,
second is the formalis cause (eidos) is a shape of the cup,
third is purpose (telos) is the purpose of a cup which to hold
water and fourth is ‘cause efficiens’ is the craft man who
shape up the cup. All those four causes are being respon-
sible for each other in order to make something into pres-
ent, especially the ‘cause efficiens’ which would be the
one that combine all causes together and give something
to existence. But after the invention of modern technology
the relationship between four causes that have changed.
People tend to think of modern technology as a mode of
revealing. People use technology to reveal nature, unlike
the old time that nature reveal itself to human which I would
explain in more detail.
The way of producing goods in modern world is far dif-
ference from the past. Heidegger M.(1977) mentioned that
‘enframing means the gathering together of that setting-
upon which sets upon man, i.e., challenges him forth, to
reveal the real, in the mode of ordering, as standing re-
serve.’ In the past we designed something from the reason
of what it is but in modern world people design something
by creating a frame and complete the requirement within
that frame. The example of how people ‘enframing’ and
pushing technology forward in term of architectural design,
was mentioned by Jennifer S.(1999) that ‘Crawford’s de-
scription views malls as places of consumer domination. Yet
this position on ‘the mall’s fantasy machine’ is architectur-
ally determinist, viewing consumers as passive rather than
active and even imaginative users of space and products.
Crawford did not interview shoppers but rather looked at
how the mall trade catagories them. This methodology
makes it very difficult to find creative uses of mallspace’.
And she also mentioned that ‘Other scholars have tracked
mall users differently, finding they are not duped into con-
sumption, but rather that they use space within malls, with-
out buying, for other purpose such as socialise. We can not
deny that technology have brought us this far and give birth
to many innovations which help us solve problems. On the
other hand, the thing that could be the negative effect of
developing technology by ‘enframing’ is the lack of under-
standing in its essence. It is true that technology could make
life easier and more convenient but the misunderstood of
technology will lead to the improper use of them. And the
reason why people are not free to technology is that they
don’t understand the essence of technology and accept
them as they were, so people can’t escape form them and
still remain tied to technology.
‘ Enframing ’human - reveal - nature
Section 2 : computer, cyberspace and how to be free
from technology?
In mid-20th century the first computer have been cre-
ated and bring people to the arrival of the age of cyber-
space. Originally computer was a programmable machine
that automatically carry out set of a sequence of logical
operation. After a development of programmable com-
puter, as a consequence many kind of electronic products
were created and gave people a better life(an easier life).
Therefore, computers have become a fundamental elec-
tronic objects in almost every household. In late 90’s, the
internet was created. According to Oxford English diction-
ary, the internet is ‘a global computer network providing a
variety of information and communication facilities, consist-
ing of interconnected networks using standardized commu-
nication protocols’. And ‘Internet also carries a vast range
of information resources and services, such as the inter-
linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW)
and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.’ As a con-
sequence, internet become a part of people’s everyday
life routine because of the efficiency network of the internet
that made communication easier.
In term of technology, most of the people still don’t un-
derstand the essence of the internet so they use internet just
the way that internet network provider created. Most of the
early internet network were close platform; network pro-
vider generate all of contents, users can only be able to re-
ceive it. Jennifer S.(1999) pointed out that ‘cyberspace is
heavily dominated by elite group, yet often presented as if
open to all; its privatized spaces presented as if they are
public’. Hence, it draw a question of how to untie people to
the technology? And how to open up the relationship be-
tween user and the network? In order to answer this ques-
tion, I’d like to introduce the term ‘ecotechnic’ by Jean-Luc
Nancy. Nancy(1997) stated that ‘the more clearly
‘ecotechnics’ displays what is henceforth possible: either
eocotechnics takes on the sense of autism of a ‘great
monad’ in a process of indefinite self-expansion and/or it
takes on the sense of the disruption of all closure of signifi-
cation, a disruption that opens them up to coming
of(necessarily unprecedented) sense.’ To explain ‘ecotech-
nics’ in term of the internet network, the internet network is
where everyone can be connected within the system. But
everyone is unique and difference. It is a great opportunity
to open up the possibility for users to corporate, share, pro-
duce and help building a greater network. Thus, the idea of
collaborative between people across the network can be
imply to the ‘open source’ platform.
‘ ecotechnics ’open up to sense
Open source platform is widely used in many area from
non-electronic activity such as recipe sharing to the soft-
ware programming. According to Oxford English dictionary,
‘open source’ mean ‘denoting software for which the origi-
nal source code is made freely available and may be redis-
tributed and modified.’ Therefore, users can be free from
the frame that constructed by technology and ‘open
source’ also open up the possibility for creative use of them.
Further more, Product which base on open source platform
would never come to the end but will grow bigger and it
can be re-represent all of the time. Finally I would apply the
idea of open source platform to the BBC network.
‘ open-source ’open up the world
Section 3 : BBC network
BBC (British broadcasting corporation) is largest the
public service broadcaster in the world which based in
United Kingdom. BBC provide many services including 8 na-
tional TV channels plus regional programming, 10 national
radio stations, 40 local radio stations and an extensive web-
site. More specifically on BBC website, there are 16 catego-
ries including online radio station, news network, entertain-
ment and also educational content. In term of cyber
space, BBC website is such a massive network of informa-
tion and media broadcasting to the public which is easy to
access for the audiences. According to Jennifer S.(1999)
mentioned that ‘An efficient home-delivery media system,
in contrast, tends to make shut-in of otherwise healthy indi-
vidual; the more people receive news in isolation, the more
they become susceptible to manipulation by those who
control the media.’ Therefore, to make BBC network more
open and transparent would gain more trust from the
people. Thus, the new platform which I would design for
BBC network is ‘BBC open documentary’.
What is documentary? Documentary film is a non-
fictional motion picture that documented history or event in
form of moving images. Documentary film have a broad
categories such as history, nature, education, science and
many more. Documentary film was described as filmmaking
practice but become more narrative-base on the true
events. Unlike film, which based on fictional script but
documentary makers can arrange and direct the true
events based on their perspective. Hence, documentary
film was considered as a close product even though it re-
corded the true events but it was produced from one
perspective(from director/ documentary maker). Roland
Barthes(1977) pointed out that ‘ text is made of multiple
writings, drawn from many cultures and entering into mutual
relations of dialogue, parody, contestation, but there is
tane place where this multiplicity is focused and that place
is the reader, not the author. The reader is the space on
which all the quotations that make up a writing are
inscribed without any of them being lost; a text’s unity lies
not in its origin but in its destination.’ Documentary makers
are similar to author but they both have a difference
method of represent their idea in a difference medium. Au-
diences or readers who were received the content from
author/director whether it is text or motion picture, they all
have a difference understanding. As BBC network is a mas-
sive platform that participated with users worldwide. Thus, it
is appropriate to open up the network and give rise to a
new possibility to share the perspective from the audiences
across the world.
‘ documentary ’is a close product
Section 4 : What is BBC open documentary ? and
‘Future documentary’?
The concept of ‘BBC open documentary’ is the open
platform that allow user to watch and make their owns
documentary. Open documentary platform allow users to
search through BBC archive which contain more than
1million hours of media material (including audio/visual and
audio) since 1980’s. As I mentioned before, documentary
film is a close product that deliver only one perspective
from director or maker. Nevertheless, some audience might
agree or not agree with the content, some might ques-
tioned or want to add some information regarding the
documentary film that they have watched. Moreover, open
documentary designed to encourage users to share more
than one perspective; user can make their own documen-
tary by referencing multiple documentaries in order to pres-
ent their owns perspective. Furthermore, tagging system
that platform provided would link all documentary both in
the BBC archive and user made documentary. Therefore, it
would create a documentary network which user can trace
back to the origin and go further to relevant documentary
across the network. Users can also search for the documen-
tary by effective search engine that can search through
time & space. Time & space search engine allow users to
choose the time line and places of documentary that have
been created, and users also be able to search by cat-
egory or any other specific detail.
Featured documentaryShow case no.1nanan kan oihd khoidf o�g of ofgiu o ofwdfoi o odifuo od
more 1, 2, 3, ....., 60 prev next
future trailer
let’s share clips ajdh� lkdk kddkdkd kdie l kjei
Create my own documentary
Drawing
Show case no.1 : This is the showcase efhh kekfk jhehfowqdf o ok �k �e k k k
Mick jagger and CO Education 2010 London 26mins Reference : BBC
(14)
‘Food’
Show case no.1 : This is the showcase efhh kekfk jhehfowqdf o ok �k �e k k
Al Green and CO Education 2010 London 26mins Reference : BBC
(14)
recently added
lastest documentaries and trailers
highest rated most watched recommended by BBC Documentary
Open
The war in Libya is moving towards stalemate, warns the head of the US military, even though air strikes have destroyed 30-40% of Libya's ground forces.
read more..
home makedocumentary future sign in�nd
Make
Documentary making guideHow to make your own documentary
reportlikebookmark
reportlikebookmark
The politic
Show case no.1 : This is the showcase efhh kekfk jhehfowqdf o ok �k �e k k
Jim Morrison and CO Education 2010 London 26mins Reference : BBC
(14)
reportlikebookmark
Open documentary platform also provide a web
based editing tool to empower user to create their own
documentary. The tool that provided is a simple-to- use tool,
yet fully equipped with necessary feature to create a pro-
fessional documentary. Moreover, open documentary plat-
form encourage user with a study session of documentary
and user can be link to useful site of BBC main page such as
BBC education of BBC film network. In order to create a
documentary fil for beginner user who never have any ex-
perience concerning video editing, this platform also pro-
vide a video tutorials of how to use video editing tool. When
users are ready to create their own documentary, they
need to register and agree on terms and conditions of this
platform then user can use their own footages or select the
already existed documentary within the network and break
it into clips, combine them and/or make a collage from
those clips. Editing tool also provide a toolbar on the right
hand side showing the useful information of user’s account
such as the current project that they are working on, a list of
history of documentary that have been viewed and a book-
mark list. Next to the user account is the hidden search tool
bar which would slide out when user click on the button,
search tool bar fully work as same as time & space search in
previous page so user doesn’t have to go back and forth
between editing tool and search page. After user finish their
documentary they can save it in their account or publish to
BBC open documentary platform.
Video A
Video B
Transitions
Text
Audio
( Editing Suite )Beta
My Account ClipsSearch Help ? Link publish
DocumentaryOpen
The war in Libya is moving towards stalemate, warns the head of the US military, even though air strikes have destroyed 30-40% of Libya's ground forces.
How to draw a lion?Politc of robotnumber 56 why are we doing this?World food
Search History
animation (69)artists' moving image (34)music (32)
‘FOOD’ project
Nw project- add clip
- add clip-manage clip-tagging
My history
My project
My upload
My bookmark
Documenatry Trailer
tag add info.
Video A
Video B
Transitions
Text
Audio
( Editing Suite )Beta
My Account ClipsSearch Help ? Link publish
DocumentaryOpen
The war in Libya is moving towards stalemate, warns the head of the US military, even though air strikes have destroyed 30-40% of Libya's ground forces.
How to draw a lion?Politc of robotnumber 56 why are we doing this?World food
Search History
animation (69)artists' moving image (34)music (32)
‘FOOD’ project
Nw project- add clip
- add clip-manage clip-tagging
My history
My project
My upload
My bookmark
Documenatry Trailer
tag add info.
Look up Documentaries:
SEARCH
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
50
Doc
umen
tarie
s
10203040
Show last: 5years year month
Breadmaking
yasmin 2007 scotland 11minutesBreadmaking by a unique community with learn disabilities in Edinburgh.
Links: Crab sandwich,Can We Cook Like a Chef? ... << MORE
B
Find a documentary
by category
animation (69)artists' moving image (34)music (32)drama (130)comedy (71)documentary (46)------------------------------------------------------view all �lms
by organisation or event
peoplefestivals & eventspartnersorganisations
DocumentaryOpen
The war in Libya is moving towards stalemate, warns the head of the US military, even though air strikes have destroyed 30-40% of Libya's ground forces.‘Food’
Show case no.1 : This is the showcase efhh kekfk jhehfowqdf o ok �k �e k k
Al Green and CO Education 2010 London 26mins Reference : BBC
(14)
reportratebookmark
In order to publish documentary to BBC open docu-
mentary platform, user needs to complete the submission
form concerning detail and description of the documen-
tary. And also they need to agree on terms and conditions
which user has to be aware of clearance, rights and copy-
right contents such as ‘you must have a written permission
to use everything and everyone that appears in your film’.
Later on, the documentary that have been submitted to the
platform will listed on a recently added documentary on
feature page(the first page of open documentary). Further-
more, next to the documentary on the feature page, there
will be the details of that documentary including director’s
name, date, description and rating along side those details
will be button of ‘bookmark’, ‘rate’ and ‘report’. User can
report an inappropriate documentary which featured on
this platform and BBC would determine whether it would be
deleted or go back to the feature page again. Beside the
director’s name will locate the ownership of that documen-
tary, if that documentary was created by combined clips
form five difference documentaries, the co-ownership
would show five of director’s name from that five difference
documentaries and also BBC.
In conclusion of BBC open documentary, this open
platform allow user to access, edit, cut, combine and pub-
lish BBC documentary from BBC archive. And create a
documentary network which user can study on how docu-
mentary were related trough time & space. All of the docu-
mentary that have been done in this platform will kept
inside the BBC network due to the copyright issue. Thus, in
order to watch documentary, user have to watch from BBC
network only. The restriction of watching documentary is
narrow down the usage of the platform to be more an edu-
cational purpose not the commercial one. However, BBC
open documentary only open up the possibility to edit and
combine between user’s footage and clips of existing
documentary on BBC archive. I would also design a new
way of documentary making, ‘the future documentary’.
SubmissionAccount : Mick_Jagger
Title (documentary):
ducumentary year: month year
Description:(100 words)
Name:
Reference:
Reference:
Reference:
Reference:
Reference:
last log-in 18/04/2011
publishI agree with all terms & conditions
Please complete the submission form before you submit documentary/trailer
‘Future documentary’ is the concept of the incorpora-
tive of people across BBC network in order to make a new
documentary. To explain in more detail, future documen-
tary platform allow user from all over the global network to
share the source. Especially for the director or documentary
film maker who unable to collect the sufficient material in
order to complete the documentary. To get start the proj-
ect on future documentary, founders of the project need to
propose the idea by making a short-length trailer concern-
ing the content, mood and tone of the documentary that
they want to make. Future documentary provide the same
tool as BBC open documentary expect for limited length of
trailer is 2 minuets. All the finished trailer will feature in the
‘future documentary’ first page and beside the trailer, there
will be a submit button for other user to submit their clips.
User who want to submit the clip needs to complete the
submission form then the clips will go directly to the
founder’s account. Moreover, the founder could decide
whether they will use the clips or not, the clips that were
used in the documentary will automatically credited as a
co-ownership of that completed documentary. Later on
when founder publish the documentary to the BBC network,
it will automatically store in the network and also feature in
both BBC open documentary page and future documen-
tary page. Hence, user of BBC documentary network can
watch and learn more about the collaborative documen-
tary that made by multiple users and multiple perspectives.
sign in
FUTURE documentary
home makedocumentary future�nd
Create my own documentary
Make
Documentary making guideHow to make your own documentary
submit
most watched most watchedmost watchedfuture trailer completeddocumentary
more 1, 2, 3, ....., 60 prev next
recently added
lastest documentaries and trailers
cook, serve and eat
Show case no.1 : This is the showcase efhh kekfk jhehfowqdf o ok �k �e k k
Jim Morrison and CO Education 2010 London 26mins Reference : BBC
(14)
reportratebookmark
submit
submit
submit
reportratebookmark
Cook,serve and eat (part2)
Show case no.1 : This is the showcase efhh kekfk jhehfowqdf o ok �k �e k k
Jim Morrison and CO Education 2010 London 26mins Reference : BBC
(14)
reportratebookmark
The politic
Show case no.1 : This is the showcase efhh kekfk jhehfowqdf o ok �k �e k k
Jim Morrison and CO Education 2010 London 26mins Reference : BBC
(14)
DocumentaryOpen
The war in Libya is moving towards stalemate, warns the head of the US military, even though air strikes have destroyed 30-40% of Libya's ground forces.
‘ future documentary ’open up new possibilities
Section 5 : How to use ‘BBC open documentary’ and
‘future documentary’ ?
In order to explain the instruction of how to use BBC
open documentary and future documentary, I would set up
four differences scenarios to explain in more details.
Scenario #1 (education)
The first scenario is focusing on educational purpose. If
teacher want to create a documentary about drawing for
the student in their class, he can accesses to BBC open
documentary by go to BBC learning for teacher site and he
will finds a link to open documentary page. After he gets in
to the main page, he can searches for a variety of docu-
mentary concerning a difference technique of drawing. He
can chooses contents that he wants and save bookmark to
his account. Then sign in to the editing tool, now he can
select the clip from his bookmark tool bar and drag the clip
to the tool so he can cut, trim, arrange and also adding
sound narration. After finish editing the documentary he
needs to complete the submission form in order to publish
his documentary. Students who want view the documen-
tary which may helpful for their educational research. They
can access to BBC learning for student where they can find
the drawing documentary that teacher have made. Note:
all of the clips in this documentary are the combination of
BBC documentary so in the ownership will show director’s
name and BBC’s documentary(every director of clips which
he used).
Scenario #2 (beginner)
The second scenario is focusing on the use of beginner
who has barely experience of documentary film making. A
girl watched BBC documentary about cycling in the north
part of England and got inspired to create her own every-
day life’s cycling documentary. She uses her video camera
to record her own cycling trail over the city of London. Then
she has to sign in to her account and upload her own clips
of cycling onto the platform. Then after the submission, her
documentary will be feature on the feature page. So other
user can find her documentary by searching through search
engine and on the feature page. Note: her documentary
will show only her name as an ownership because of all of
the clips were taken by herself.
‘ open documentary ’presents multiple perspectives
Scenario #3 (perspective)
The third scenario is focusing on a difference perspec-
tive of a multiple users. A guy want to make a documentary
about food but he’s realise that food have been prepared
and cooked in a difference way. So he decide to make a
documentary to contrast a difference perspective of how
people making food. First, he search through BBC network
to find the ‘food’ documentary that suit his idea then book-
mark it to his account. After sign in to the account, he uses
the BBC documentary clip concerning a proper way of
cooking fish and ships then contrast to his own clip of cook-
ing frozen food by using microwave. His documentary is
presents a difference perspective between two process of
cooking food. And after he publishes his documentary to
the network, again it will feature on the feature page. Note:
the ownership of this documentary would be his name and
the director of BBC’s documentary name.
Scenario #4 (future documentary)
The last scenario is mainly about how to use future
documentary platform and how to create future trailer. A
guy wants to make a documentary about food from all over
the world, he wants to know what is the difference of mate-
rial and process of cooking food. But he can’t travel around
the world to collect footages of food ,and he can’t find ap-
propriate clips on BBC archive. Moreover, he decides to use
future documentary platform in order to collects the
sources which he needs. Thus, he proposes his idea of
making ‘food’ documentary by create a ‘future trailer’. A
completed trailer will feature on future documentary page
so other users who saw it and want to participate with his
idea can submit their clips to his account. The clips that
other user send to his account will show in the tool bar of
editing tool. So he can use the clips that suitable for his idea
to make the documentary and when he publish it, it will
appear both on the first page and future documentary
page. Note: All the clips that he used to made the docu-
mentary came from other user and his own footages, so the
ownership will show only his name and the owner of the
clips that have been used but not BBC.
Section 6 : What is the benefit of user and BBC?
Beside the idea of open up the people and free their
relationship to technology, BBC open documentary net-
work also have a great potential of bringing good things to
the community. The open documentary could further bring
user from cyber space(online) to a real world. Jennifer
S.(1999) pointed out that ‘some of virtual space, created
with concern about the physical environment, are not dis-
sociated from place. Nor are they cyberspaces of retreat.
Online relationships can be strong, and may continue of-
fline. These spaces are not unreal for people who use them
in their work. From a good experience of corroborative work
could make it possible for directors from open documentary
platform to work together in a real environment(offline) and
produce a good documentary to community.
The BBC open documentary platform also gives a good
benefit to BBC. It bridges the gap between entertainment
and a serious educational, the platform could create an
playful education environment and help people to learn
more about documentary. Moreover, BBC archive have
store more than one millions hours of motion picture and
documentary which some of them have been forgotten. It
is a good opportunity for BBC archive to open up the possi-
bility to bring the old documentary out to public and let the
user re-represent them. BBC will also got a credit in the
documentary that user made by using BBC documentary.
In conclusion, technology is truly drive the society but
to develop technology by ‘enframing’ could lead to a
great danger. However, in term of documentary film
making, both ‘BBC open documentary’ and ‘Future docu-
mentary’ are free people form technology by open up a
new possibility of documentary making from one perspec-
tive to multiple. However, open documentary network was
owed to the technology and Internet networking which
could make this open platform become real. Hence people
form all over the world could help each other building the
greater network by participating within the virtual space
networking. As the idea of ‘ecotechnics’, Jean-Luc Nancy.
Nancy(1997) mentioned that ‘either ‘ecotchnics’ is the
entire sense of labor – of a labor henceforth infinite, dazed
by its own infinitude and by its indefinitely growing totaliza-
tion – or else ‘ecotechnics’ open labor up to sense, in oper-
ates labor unto the infinity of sence’. In the past, people
tend to understand technology as a massive machine that
constructed the whole system. Nevertheless, ‘ecotechnics’
have lead the way to look at technology in a difference
way; as a multiple of labors, ‘ecotechnics’ expose the ma-
terial and the labor of people’s making thing, in the same
time ‘ecotechnics’ can become an infinite multiplicity of
difference system in order to create their product. In term of
open documentary platform, users of platform can imply as
a multiplicity of labor, the platform also provide the educa-
tional tools in order to allow users to compose themselves
and finally, it open up the ability of labor to realise the alter-
natively.
open documentaryWhy ?
Bibliography
Barthes, R. 1977. Image Music Text. London: Fontana Press.
Heidegger, M. 1977. The Question Concerning Technology.
New York:Harper & row, Publisher.
Nancy, J.L. 1977. The sense of the world. Minneapolis:
The University of Minnesota Press.
Oxford Dictionaries(online). Oxford University Press.
http://oxforddictionaries.com/ accessed on 13/05/2011.
Light, J.S. 1999. From city space to cyberspace, in Crang M.,
Crang P.and May J. Virtual geographies, pp. 109-130.
London: Routledge.
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