Bones of the Foot Phalanges (toe bones) Metatarsals (long foot bones) Tarsals (small bones near ankle)
Post on 13-Dec-2015
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Bones of the Foot
•Phalanges (toe bones)
•Metatarsals (long foot bones)
•Tarsals (small bones near ankle)
Four Arches of the Foot
• Transverse
• Metatarsal
• Inner longitudinal
• Outer longitudinal
Bones of the Lower Leg
•Patella (kneecap)
•Tibia (shinbone)
•Fibula (smaller bone lateral to tibia)
Each foot contains 26 bones and 38 joints!!
Causes of Stress Fxs
•Exercise too severe or long in duration
• lack of exercise (results in weakening of the bone)
S/S of Stress Fxs• Increased pain when athlete
exercises
• POINT TENDERNESS
• may be mistaken for shin splints
• early x-rays may not detect!
TX of Stress Fxs
•RICE
•physician evaluation & x-rays
Cause of Turf Toe
•The ligaments supporting the big toe become sprained
•usually due to hyperextension
Turf Toe
•Usually a minor injury
•may be prevented with taping
Arch sprains
•Sprain of the supportive ligaments in the foot
Arch sprains
• once stretched, the ligaments fail to hold the bones of the foot in proper position
Causes of Arch Sprains
• Overuse
• overweight
• fatigue
• training on hard surfaces
• wearing improper shoes
Resulting problems:Arch sprains
•Shin splints
•achilles tendon strain
• foot fatigue
•strained muscles
TX: Arch Sprains
•RICE
•taping
The heel receives, absorbs, and transfers much of the impact from sports activities...
Heel Spur
•Bony growth on the heel that causes painful inflammation of the surrounding tissue
Causes of Heel Spur
• Irritation due to repeated stretching of the plantar fascia (ligamentous tissue in the foot)
Tx of Heel Spur
•Rest
•Proper footwear
Muscle Spasms
•Sudden, violent contraction of a muscle
Muscle Spasms: contributing factors (no specific cause)
• Overwork in early season
• fatigue
• fluid loss
• foot structure
• Poor equipment
• incomplete rehab
• poor diet/nutrition
TX: Muscle Spasms
•Stretch muscle
•controversial if massage is helpful or harmful
Blisters• The layers of skin rub together
and the friction causes separation.
• Fluid accumulates in the separation and puts pressure on the nerve endings.
• This causes PAIN!
TX: Blisters
• Best tx is PREVENTION!• Recognize hot spots which are
warning signs for blisters.• Use protective pads on suspect
areas!• Early use of Duct Tape!!!!!!!
TX: Blisters
• Don’t pop (risk of infection).
• Use donut pads around blister.
• Don’t put pressure on the blister.
Shin Splints
•Inflammation of the interosseous membrane
Causes of Shin Splints
• Lack of or sudden increase in level of conditioning
• improper/incomplete warmup/stretching
• muscle weakness or imbalance
Causes of Shin Splints
• running on hard surfaces
•poor running habits
• improper running shoes
•poor foot structure
TX: Shin Splints
• RICE
• Taping is usually not helpful
• PREVENTION!!!!!!! Strengthen and Stretch
ACS
Hemorrhage/swelling inside compartment
increases pressure on the nerves, the veins, and the arteries…this can cause
death of the muscle cells!
Causes of ACS
•Direct trauma
•excessive exercise
S/S ACS
• Pain even after slowing down/stopping
• Pain even after cold treatment
• numbness of foot
TX ACS
• DON’T use the RICE method!!!!!!
• Compression and elevation will exacerbate the problem!
• DO use COLD and REST!!!
TX ACS
•Treat this as a medical emergency!
TX ACS
•Misdiagnosis may lead to a worsening of the condition, permanent nerve damage, and disability!
Other Foot Problems
• Athlete’s Foot (caused by fungus)
• Ingrown toenails
• Corns & Calluses
• Plantar warts (caused by virus)
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