Blutkreislauf und Herzen(Fortsetzung)
Herzkreislaufsystem Krokodil
Campen and Starck 2012. in McCue (Ed) Intermittent feeding. Springer Verlag
Foramen of Panizza
• Foramen Panizzae* • Bicuspidalklappen > <
Axelson et al. 1996. JEB 199; 359 – 365.
Foramen of Panizza
Axelson et al. 1996. JEB 199; 359 – 365.
Krokodil-HerzUltraschallanatomie
Entering diving bradycardyventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
Diving bradycardy (4 min)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
right aorta (air breathing)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
Right aorta (diving)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / m
inut
e]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / s
ysto
le]
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Crocodylus – cardiac outputRight aorta
per beat minute volume
HF (breathing) = 30 – 40 bpm; HF (diving) = 2 – 4 bpm
left aorta (air breathing)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
left aorta (diving)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / s
ysto
le]
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / m
inut
e]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Crocodylus – cardiac outputleft aorta
per beat minute volume
HF (breathing) = 30 – 40 bpm; HF (diving) = 2 – 4 bpm
Truncus pulmonalis(air breathing)
ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
Truncus pulmonalis (diving)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
Crocodylus – cardiac outputTruncus pulmonalis
per beat minute volume
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / s
ysto
le]
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l /m
inut
e]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
HF (breathing) = 30 – 40 bpm; HF (diving) = 2 – 4 bpm
Foramen Panizzae(air breathing)
ventral
dorsalca
udal
cranial
Foramen Panizzae (diving)ventral
dorsalca
udal
cranial
Fluss durch Foramen Panizzae
Atmend Tauchend
Cardiovascular Circuits in Sauropsids
Campen and Starck 2012. in McCue (Ed) Intermittent feeding. Springer Verlag
Farmer et al. 2008. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 81. DOI: 10.1086/524150
Farmer et al. 2008. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 81. DOI: 10.1086/524150
Anpassung an TemperaturMechanismen der Temperaturregulierung
Bergmann‘sche Regel
Isolationsmechanismen
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Temperatur
Saue
rsto
ffver
brau
ch in
ml m
in-1
kg-1
-60°C -45°C -30°C -15°C 0°C +15°C +30°C +45°C
Thermoneutralzone, Verschiebung des Stoffwechsels
Korh
onen
et a
l. 19
85. C
BP 8
2A, 9
59-9
64.
Ther
mon
eutr
al Z
one
in A
rctic
Fox
Fellwechsel Camelus ferus
Infrarotbild hechelnder Hund
Eisbär Haare
Prec
iado
et a
l. 20
02. B
ED-V
ol. 5
3, A
dvan
ces i
n Bi
oeng
inee
ring
Isolierung durch Fettschicht (Blubber)
Schmidt-Nielsen 1997. Animal Physiology. 5th ed. Cambridge UUP, Cambridge UK.
Fell
vs. F
ett
Schm
idt-
Nie
lsen
1997
. Ani
mal
Phys
iolo
gy. 5
th e
d. C
ambr
idge
UU
P, C
ambr
idge
UK.
Fig
. 7.1
4
Soziale Thermoregulation
Basile et al 2008. Zoology in press
Oberflächentemperatur Mensch
Braunes Fettgewebe
UCP
1 Im
mun
hist
oche
mie
HE-F
ärbu
ng
Glukose*-Verbrauch durch BAT
* 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)
Braunes Fettgewebe und Adipositas
Braunes Fettgewebe und Temperaturexposition
Schmidt-Nielsen 1997. Animal Physiology. 5th ed. Cambridge UUP, Cambridge UK.
Wärmeaustauscher
Wärmeaustausch imGegenstromprinzip
Schmidt-Nielsen 1997. Animal Physiology. 5th ed. Cambridge UUP, Cambridge UK.
ThunfischMuskulatur
Katz
200
2. D
esig
n of
hete
roth
erm
icm
nusc
lein
fish
. J. e
xp. B
iol.
205,
225
1-22
66.
Katz 2002. Design of heterothermic muscle in fish. J. exp. Biol. 205, 2251-2266.
Muskulatur und Gefäßversorgung in yellowfin und bluefin Thunfisch
(Yellowfin) (Bluefin)
Katz 2002. Design of heterothermic muscle in fish. J. exp. Biol. 205, 2251-2266.
Graham and Dickson 2004. Tuna comparative physiology. J. exp. Biol. 4015-4024
Care
y et
al.
J. ex
p. B
iol.
1984
. 109
, 1-2
0.
Care
y et
al.
J. ex
p. B
iol.
1984
. 109
, 1-2
0.
Bernal et al. 2001. CBP part A 129. 695-726.
Wärmeaustauschsystem in Thunfisch
Histologie E.D: Stevens, Univ. Guelph, Canada)
The vascular morphology and in vivo muscle temperatures of thresher sharks (Alopiidae)
Journal of Morphology 17 JUN 2011 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10989
The vascular morphology and in vivo muscle temperatures of thresher sharks (Alopiidae)
Journal of Morphology 17 JUN 2011 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10989
Rom
mel
et a
l. 20
01. A
nato
mic
alRe
cord
264,
339
-347
.
Vene
nple
xus z
ur K
ühlu
ng d
er G
onad
en
Rommel et al. 2001. Anatomical Record 264, 339-347.
Rommel et al. 2001. Anatomical Record 264, 339-347.