Blood Pressure Anatomy & Physiology. Measurement of the pressure of the blood exerted against the walls of the arteries.
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Blood PressureAnatomy & Physiology
Measurement of the pressure of the blood exerted against the walls of the arteries.
For a better understanding of blood pressure watch the following video?
Watch the video, you can click on the hyperlink or copy and paste the link into your browser
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWti317qb_w
Recorded as 2 measurementsSystolic:
Top number in the blood pressure reading Pressure in the arteries when the heart
contracts Normal is less than 120
Diastolic Bottom number Pressure in the arteries when the heart is
at rest Normal is less than 80
Click through the slide show from the American Heart Association to learn more about how blood pressure affects the heart and arteries
Click the hyperlink or copy and paste the link into your browser
http://watchlearnlive.heart.org/CVML_Player.php?moduleSelect=bpanat
Amount of blood and fluids present in the body
Condition of the arteries
Force of the heartbeat
Age Exercise Obesity Food Pain Stress Stimulants (caffeine)
Steroids Some Medications
Weight Loss Fasting Depression Blood loss
Blood Pressure Category
Systolic mmHG (upper #)
Diastolic mmHG (lower #)
Hypotension Less than 100 Or Less than 65Normal 100-120 And 66-80Pre-Hypertension 120-139 Or 80-89High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 1
140-159 Or 90-99
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 2
160-179 Or 100-109
Hypertensive Crisis (Emergency Care Needed)
Higher than 180
Or Higher than 110
Known as low blood pressure.
Occurs when systolic pressure is less than 100 mmHg or Diastolic pressure is less than 65 mmHg.
Symptoms include dizziness, lightheadedness and/or fainting
May indicate shock, dehydration or internal injury.
May be caused by heart failure, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, diabetes or liver disease.
Also known as postural hypotension
Form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down.
Caused by blood pooling in the legs
Can make you feel dizzy, lightheaded or even cause you to faint.
Known as high blood pressure.
Occurs when systolic pressure is greater than 140 mmHg or Diastolic pressure is more than 90 mmHg.
Can be a dangerous precursor (sign) to cardiac problems and strokes.
Causes extreme pressure on the blood vessels which could lead to a heart attack.
Also puts pressure on the arteries in the brain which could lead to stroke.
Can be caused by obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity, too much salt in the diet and stress.
After taking a blood pressure measurement record the higher number over the lower number
Recorded as mmHg (millimeters of mercury)120/80 mmHg is considered a normal
reading
When classifying blood pressure look at which category the systolic BP and diastolic BP fall into.
When SBP and DBP fall into two different classifications the higher classification should be used.
Recorded as 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury)
Blood Pressure Category Systolic mmHG (upper #)
Diastolic mmHG (lower #)
Hypotension Less than 100 Or Less than 65Normal 100-120 And 66-80Pre-Hypertension 120-139 Or 80-89High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 1
140-159 Or 90-99
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 2
160-179 Or 100-109
Hypertensive Crisis (Emergency Care Needed)
Higher than 180 Or Higher than 110
For example:120/84 mmHg is Pre-Hypertension162/94 mmHg is Hypertension Stage 2102/62mmHg is Hypotension
Blood Pressure Category Systolic mmHG (upper #)
Diastolic mmHG (lower #)
Hypotension Less than 100 Or Less than 65Normal 100-120 And 66-80Pre-Hypertension 120-139 Or 80-89High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 1
140-159 Or 90-99
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 2
160-179 Or 100-109
Hypertensive Crisis (Emergency Care Needed)
Higher than 180 Or Higher than 110
Correct answers will be given on the last powerpoint slideA. 124/84 mmHgB. 118/68 mmHgC. 154/106 mmHgD. 146/94 mmHgE. 116/88 mmHgF. 144/86 mmHgG. 106/54 mmHgH. 174/116 mmHg
Hypertension is a condition in which the resting blood pressure, either systolic, diastolic or both, is chronically elevated above the optimal or desired level.
Hypertension cannot be diagnosed from a single measurement; multiple measurements must be obtained on separate days.
Please note health and fitness professionals CANNOT diagnose a client with hypertension.
Only a medical doctor can diagnose clients with hypertension.
If abnormal readings are taken and clients are not aware of a hypertension diagnosis clients should be referred to a medical doctor.
One in three adults (70 million people) have high blood pressure, but more than half don’t know they have it
Most often people don’t have symptoms until it’s too late
Unless you are having your blood pressure monitored regularly, you won’t know if you’re at risk
Why is hypertension important to control?
Watch the video, you can click on the hyperlink or copy and paste the link into your browser
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn2dQ_flZR0
Damage to the heart and coronary arteries, including heart attack, heart disease, congestive heart failure, and atherosclerosis (fatty buildups in the arteries that cause them to harden)
Stroke Kidney Disease Vision Loss Memory Loss Fluid in lungs Angina
Medications That Increase BP Medications That Decrease BP
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Ibuprofen etc.)
Antidepressants Hormonal Birth Control Caffeine Cold Medicines
(decongestants) Herbal Supplements
(Ephedra, Guarana) Illegal drugs – Steroids,
Cocaine, Ecstasy, Methamphetamines
Beta-Blockers – cause heart rates to stay relatively low even when exercising
ACE Inhibitors – work by flushing excess water and sodium out of the body – makes you have to urinate a lot
Calcium Channel Blockers – prevents calcium from entering the muscles of the heart, causes a decreased force of contraction
Correct answers to blood pressure classificationA. 124/84 mmHg Pre-HypertensionB. 118/68 mmHg NormalC. 154/106 mmHg Stage 2 HypertensionD. 146/94 mmHg Stage 1 HypertensionE. 116/88 mmHg Pre-HypertensionF. 144/86 mmHg Stage 1 HypertensionG. 106/54 mmHg HypotensionH. 174/116 mmHg Hypertensive Crisis
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