Biological pest control in tree crops

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Biological pest control in tree crops

Mites on coconut; Sri Lanka fruit fly on mango and other host fruits

Baits for the control of cucurbit fruit flies

Rachid Hanna

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Aceria guerreronis on theunderside of coconut bract

Severely damaged bunch

Undamaged bunch

Classical biological control of the coconut mite

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Foreign exploration for the coconut mite and associated natural enemies in America continent

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Phytoseiid mites on conconutPhytoseiid mites on conconutVenezuelaVenezuelaPREDATORY MITES

PHYTOSEIIDAE Fr1 Lf1 Fn1

Amblyseius chiapensis - 5 -

Amblyseius largoensis 81 316 2

Amblyseius operculatus - 11 -

Amblyseius sp. - 30 -

Amblyseius tamatavensis - 1 -

Cocoseius sp. - 3 -

Euseius naindaime - 3 -

Iphiseiodes zuluagai - 49 -

Leonseius regularis - 3 -

Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus)ellipticus - 5 -

Neoseiulus baraki 8 - -

Neoseiulus californicus - 1 -

Neoseiulus paspalivorus 209 - 23

Neoseiulus sp. 7 - 1

Prorpioseiopis mexicanus 2 - 1

Typhlodromina subtropica 1 1 -

Typhlodromips aff. mangleae - 1 -

Typhlodromips sp1. 2 1 -

Typhlodromips sp2. - 1 -

Typhloseiopsis funiculatus - 2 -

Typhloseiopsis aff. maryae - 1 -

Typhloseiopsis sp. 1 1 - 1Fr = fruit; Lf = leaflets; Fn = fallen nuts

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Introduction and evaluation of Fopius arisanus for the control of

the Sri Lanka fruit fly

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Parasitism of B. invadens and five indigenous fruit fly species by F. arisanus

Fruit fly species NParasitized

pupaeProportion parasitized

Bactrocera invadens 22 78.82 ± 8.01 0.67 ± 0.04

Ceratitis capitata 17 28.94 ± 3.57 0.37 ± 0.04

Ceratitis cosyra 24 9.38 ± 2.09 0.18 ± 0.05

Ceratitis rosa 6 0.17 ± 0.17 0.00 ± 0.00

Ceratitis fasciventris 7 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00

Ceratitis anonae 6 3.50 ± 1.34 0.02 ± 0.01

- Highest parasitism of B. invadens- New association of C. cosyra

Mohammad et al. manusc. In prep

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Field evaluations of F. arisanus

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

B. invadensadded

F. arisanusadded

A B

Days after cage installation

0 3 6 9 12 0 3 6 9 12

Whole tree cages in guava orchards

Orchard A Orchard B

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Fopius arisanus introduced into Benin and Togo in 2009

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Other evaluations

Open field evaluations in five mango orchards in Benin and two in Togo;

Two citrus orchards in Benin

Similar evaluations on wild hosts: Terminalia and wild apple (Irviginia gabonensis)

> 100,000 parasitoids released

Recovery from all sites

Continuing to follow establishment

Additional releases in 2010

Metarhizium:

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Baits for the control of fruit flies in cucurbits

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

$624

Net gain

$1425

Management of cucurbit fruit flies with bait sprays GF-120

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Outlook

Participatory evaluations with farmers

Other crops: e.g., tomato

Other baits: e.g., bait from waste yeasts from local breweries.