BIOL 121 Chp 3 pt1: Plasma Membrane Structure and Function

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This is a lecture presentation for my BIOL 121 Anatomy and Physiology I students on Chapter 3 - part 1: The Cellular Level of Organization - Plasma Membrane Structure and Function (Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 14th Ed. by Tortora and Derrickson). Rob Swatski, Associate Professor of Biology, Harrisburg Area Community College - York Campus, York, PA. Email: rjswatsk@hacc.edu Please visit my website for more anatomy and biology learning resources: http://robswatski.virb.com/

Transcript

1  

The  Cellular  Level  of  

Organiza3on  Part  1:  Membrane  

Structure  &  Transport    

BIOL  121:  A&P  I  

Chapter  3  

Rob  Swatski  Associate  Professor  of  Biology  

HACC  –  York  Campus   Text

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Flagellum   Chroma.n  

Nuclear  pore  

Nuclear  envelope  

Nucleolus  

Glycogen  granules  

CYTOPLASM  (cytosol  plus  organelles  except  the  nucleus)  

Rough  endoplasmic  re.culum  (ER)  

Membrane-­‐bound  ribosome  

Golgi  complex  

Microfilament  

Sec.onal  view  

Cytoskeleton:  

Microtubule  

Microfilament  

Intermediate  filament  

Microvilli  

Centrosome:  Pericentriolar  material  

Centrioles  

PLASMA  MEMBRANE  

Secretory  vesicle  

Lysosome  

Smooth  endoplasmic  re.culum  (ER)  

Peroxisome  

Mitochondrion  

Microtubule  

Cilium  

Proteasome  

Free  ribosomes  

NUCLEUS:  

3  

Main  Parts  of  a  Cell  

Plasma  membrane   Cytoplasm   Nucleus  

4  

5  

Plasma  Membrane  

6  

Phospholipids  

Cell  structure  &  func.on  

Plasma  membrane  

Amphipathic  7  

8  

Head  

Polar  

Hydrophilic  

Glycerol  &  phosphate  

Tails  

Nonpolar  

Hydrophobic  

2  FaZy  acids  

Phospholipid  Structure  

9  

10  

11  

Permeable  

12  

Impermeable  

13  Semipermeable  

14  

Ion  Channel  

Carrier  

Receptor  

Membrane  Proteins  

More  Membrane  Proteins!  15  

Enzyme  

Linker  

Cell-­‐iden.ty  marker  (Glycoprotein)  

Extracellular  fluid   Plasma  membrane   Cytosol  

Ion  channel  (integral)    Forms  a  pore  through  which  a  specific  ion  can  flow  to  get  across  membrane.  Most  plasma  membranes  include  specific  channels  for  several  common  ions.  

Pore  

Carrier  (integral)  Transports  a  specific  substance  across  membrane  by  undergoing  a  change  in  shape.  For  example,  amino  acids,  needed  to  synthesize  new  proteins,  enter  body  cells  via  carriers.  Carrier  proteins  are  also  known  as  transporters.  

Receptor  (integral)  Recognizes  specific  ligand  and  alters  cell's  func.on  in  some  way.  For  example,  an.diure.c  hormone  binds  to  receptors  in  the  kidneys  and  changes  the  water  permeability  of  certain  plasma  membranes.  

Enzyme  (integral  and  peripheral)  Catalyzes  reac.on  inside  or  outside  cell  (depending  on  which  direc.on  the  ac.ve  site  faces).  For  example,  lactase  protruding  from  epithelial  cells  lining  your  small  intes.ne  splits  the  disaccharide  lactose  in  the  milk  you  drink.  

Linker  (integral  and  peripheral)  Anchors  filaments  inside  and  outside  the  plasma  membrane,  providing  structural  stability  and  shape  for  the  cell.  May  also  par.cipate  in  movement  of  the  cell  or  link  two  cells  together.  

Cell  iden3ty  marker  (glycoprotein)  Dis.nguishes  your  cells  from  anyone  else's  (unless  you  are  an  iden.cal  twin).  An  important  class  of  such  markers  are  the  major  histocompa3bility  (MHC)  proteins.  

MHC  protein  

Products  Substrate  

Ligand  

Substance  to  be  transported  

Ion  

17  

Concentra3on  gradient  

Electrochemical  Gradient  

18  

Membrane  Transport  

Passive   Ac.ve   Vesicular  

19  

20  

Passive  Transport  

Beginning  (a)  

Intermediate  (b)  

Equilibrium  (c)  

Diffusion  

22  Diffusion  

23  

Factors  Influencing  Diffusion  Rate  

24  

Simple  Diffusion  

Channel-­‐Mediated  Facilitated  Diffusion  

25  

26  

Carrier-­‐Mediated  Facilitated  Diffusion  

27  

28  

Osmosis  

29  

30  

Tonicity  

Isotonic   Hypotonic   Hypertonic  

31  

32  

Isotonic  

33  

Hypotonic  

34  

Hypertonic  

35  

Ac3ve  Transport  

Needs  ATP  

Transports  against  gradient  

Ions,  AA,  glu  

Primary  and  Secondary  Ac.ve  Transport  

ATP

Primary  Ac3ve  Transport:  Na+-­‐  K+  pump  

36  

37  

Na+  gradient  

Extracellular  fluid  Na+/K+  ATPase   3  Na+  expelled   2K+  

2  K+  imported  ADP  

ATP  3  Na+  

K+  gradient  

Cytosol  

P  

P  

1   2   3   4  

1   2   3   4  

3  sodium  ions  (Na+)  from  the  cytosol  bind  to  the  inside  surface  of  the  sodium–potassium  pump.  

Na+  binding  triggers  ATP  to  bind  to  the  pump  and  be  split  into  ADP  and  P  (phosphate).  The  energy  from  ATP  splijng  causes  the  protein  to  change  shape,  which  moves  the  Na+  to  the  outside.  

2  potassium  ions  (K+)  land  to  the  outside  surface  of  the  pump  and  cause  the  P  to  be  released.  

The  release  of  the  P  causes  the  pump  to  return  to  its  original  shape,  which  moves  the  K+  into  the  cell.  

Primary  Ac3ve  Transport:  Na+-­‐  K+  pump  -­‐  REVIEW  

Secondary  Ac3ve  Transport:  Symporters  

39  

Secondary  Ac3ve  Transport:  An3porters  

40  

Vesicular  Transport:  Endocytosis    

Phagocytosis  Receptor-­‐Mediated  Endocytosis  

Bulk-­‐Phase  Endocytosis  (Pinocytosis)  

41  

Phagocytosis  

42  

43  

Phagocytosis  

44  

Receptor-­‐Mediated  Endocytosis  

Bulk-­‐Phase  Endocytosis  (Pinocytosis)  45  

46  

Transcytosis  

Vesicular  transport  

Endocytosis,  intracellular  transport,  exocytosis  

Exocytosis  

Secretory  vesicles  

Enzymes,  hormones,  NT’s,  

wastes  

47  

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