Biogeochemical Cycles PowerPoint-1.pdfWater Cycle 2 Carbon Cycle 3. Nitrogen Cycle 4. Phosphorus Cycle. Law of Conservation of Matter- ... The Nitrogen Cycle A. Amino acids – contain
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Biogeochemical CyclesBiogeochemical Cycles
Cycles We Will StudyCycles We Will Study
1. Water Cycle
2 Carbon Cycle
3. Nitrogen Cycle
4. Phosphorus Cycle
Law of Conservation of Matter-Law of Conservation of Matter-
Matter can neither be created
nor destroyednor destroyed
Reservoirs-
places where you can find the part of
the cycle you are interested in
Reservoirs-
places where you can find the part of
the cycle you are interested in
What is an example of a reservoir of water?
Lakes, ponds, ocean, the groundLakes, ponds, ocean, the ground
Two Main Sources of EnergyTwo Main Sources of Energy
1. Internal energy from the core & radioactive isotope decay
2. External energy from the sun
The Water CycleThe Water Cycle
I. The Water CycleI. The Water Cycle
A.Precipitation- returning water to
the ground
Ex: rain, snow, sleet
B.Evaporation- change from liquid
to gasto gas
C.Condensation-change from gas to
liquid
D.Transpiration- water released to air
from stomata in plant leaves
E. Evapotranspiration- sum of water
evaporated and the water released
from plantsfrom plants
F. Run off- water that flows from higher
to lower places
G.Ground water- water found in the
ground that runs to a source like a
pond or spring
The water cycle is
driven by energy from
the sun
The water cycle is
driven by energy from
the sunthe sunthe sun
What goes in your water cycle?What goes in your water cycle?
• The sun
• Precipitation
• Condensation• Condensation
• Evaporation
• Transpiration
• Groundwater
• Runoff
Water Cycle VideoWater Cycle Video
The Carbon CycleThe Carbon Cycle
II. Carbon CycleII. Carbon Cycle
A. Plants take in CO2 through stomata on their leaves
B. Plants use CO2 in
photosynthesis-
the process of making glucose
using CO2, water & sunlightusing CO2, water & sunlight
The equation for photosynthesisThe equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O � C6H12O6 + 6O2Sunlight &
chlorophyll
C. Glucose is . . .C. Glucose is . . .
1. what our cell use for E
2. used to make starch & carbs
3. used to make cellulose in plants
4. Animals return C to the 4. Animals return C to the
atmosphere through respiration.
D. How is C returned to atmosphere?D. How is C returned to atmosphere?
1. Exhalation
2. Decomposition
3. Burning
4. Burning of fossil fuels4. Burning of fossil fuels
5. Volcanoes
6. The ocean is a reservoir for Carbon. When calcium carbonate in limestone & shells break down C is released.
Reservoirs to include in your Carbon cycle
drawing
Reservoirs to include in your Carbon cycle
drawing
• CO2 in atmosphere
• Burning
• Burning fossil fuels
• Plants
• Decomposition
• Water
• Volcanoes
• Don’t forget your • Plants
• Animals (exhalation, digestion)
• Don’t forget your arrows!!!!
Hannah Whitlock 2007
Carbon Cycle VideoCarbon Cycle Video
Global WarmingGlobal Warming
Global warming-the warming of the
earth by greenhouse gases emitted
into the atmosphere naturally or by
mankindmankind
**CO2 is an example of a greenhouse
gas
• Greenhouse gases act as a shield
and trap heat inside the atmosphere.
• This process is necessary for life on
Earth.
• When we add too many greenhouse • When we add too many greenhouse
gases to the atmosphere we interrupt
the C cycle
Why is the greenhouse effect a problem?Why is the greenhouse effect a problem?
• An increase in the planet's temp may cause the ice caps to melt and sea levels to rise.
The Nitrogen CycleThe Nitrogen Cycle
The Nitrogen CycleThe Nitrogen Cycle
A. Amino acids – contain nitrogen & C
and they make up proteins
B. There are 20 amino acids:
1. We make 121. We make 12
2. We get the other 8 from the
protein we eat
Plants need N to build proteinsPlants need N to build proteins
1. N2 in the air can’t be used by plants directly.
*N=N makes up 78% of the air
2. The triple bonds must be broken so 2. The triple bonds must be broken so plants can use the N. This process is called N fixation.
N fixationN fixation
1. N fertilizers take a lot of E to make & plants only use about half of it. The rest runs off into water supplies.
2. Instead farmers use plants called legumes that have bacteria on their roots legumes that have bacteria on their roots to fix N.
example: clover, peas, beans, & alfalfa
N fixation continuedN fixation continued
3. The bacteria change N2 to ammonia which plants can use to make protein.
4. Lightning also causes N fixation
Plants & animals get NPlants & animals get N
• Plants absorb N through roots & leaves to make necessary proteins.
• We eat plants & animals to put proteins & amino acids in our bodies.
How is N returned to the system?How is N returned to the system?
• N2 is returned to the atmosphere by bacteria in a process called denitrification.
• Decomposition & Waste return N to the air & to soil
• Fossil fuel use
Hannah Whitlock 2007
N Cycle VideoN Cycle Video
What goes in your N cycle?What goes in your N cycle?
• N2 in the atmosphere
• Lightening
• Legumes
• Fertilizer• Fertilizer
• Plants
• Animals
• Decomposition
• Denitirification
The Phosphorus CycleThe Phosphorus Cycle
PhosphorusPhosphorus
• Needed for the formation of bones, teeth, & DNA
• We get P from food we eat
• Most P in the world is in rocks
• Weathered rock releases P to the soil
• It is absorbed by plant roots.
• Animals eat the plants to get the P
P is released to soil
• Animals return it to the earth by wastes & decomposition
• Bacteria & decomposers return P to soil
• P can dissolve in ground water & be • P can dissolve in ground water & be carried back to a body of water
• Sediments settle in the body of water & cement
together to form P-rich rocks
P
P
P
PP PP PP P
P
P
P
• Erosion can cause P-deficiency
• P fertilizers are often used
Why is the P cycle unique?Why is the P cycle unique?
• P is not found in a gas form, so the atmosphere is not involved.
• P cycle is very slow. It can stay in rocks for millions of years.
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