Bio 1108 Lab
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Bio 1108 Lab
Urinary System
List of StructuresKidney Model (M) and Torso (T): Kidney (M, T)Renal Artery (M, T)Renal Vein (M, T)Arcuate Blood Vessels (M)Renal cortex (M)Renal medulla (M)Renal pyramids (M)Renal papillae (M)Calyces (M)Renal pelvis (M)Ureter (M,T)Urinary bladder (T)Urethra (T)
Pyramid and Nephron Model
Kidney SlideFetal Pig• Kidney• Ureter• Urinary Bladder• Urethra, Male• Urethra, Female
Arcuate Blood VesselsBowman’s (Glomerular) Capsule GlomerulusProximal Convoluted TubuleAfferent and Efferent ArteriolesLoop of HenleDistal Convoluted TubuleCollecting Duct
GlomeruliTubules
Part 1 Gross Structures
12th Rib is the last rib which is attached to the vertebral column.It is a floating rib due to the single attachment.
Renal arteries deliver blood to the kidneys.Renal veins drain the kidneys.
The Ureters deliver urine to the urinary bladder.The urinary bladder empties the urine through the urethra.
Part 1 Gross Structures
KidneyRenal ArteryRenal Vein UreterUrinary BladderUrethra, male
Small dot
Part 1 Gross Structures
BLADDERKIDNEYURETER
Part 1 Gross Structures
RECTUMKIDNEYURETER
Part 1 Gross Structures
bladder
ovary
vagina
Urogenital sinus
Female Reproductive Organs
URETHRA
Part 1 Gross Structures
Uterine horns
BLADDERURETHRAPENISTESTES
Part 1 Gross Structures
BLADDER, Reflected craniallyURETHRA, fetal pig and dark dot
on modelPENIS, fetal pig and coronal
section on modelTESTES, on fetal pig only
Part 1 Gross Structures
Filtrate Flow:Filtrate is produced by the
nephron (unit of the kidney).
Filtrate contains water, ions, glucose, & amino acids. Temporary presence.
Renal Cortex to Renal Medulla to Calyces
In the Calyces, Filtrate is renamed urine.
Urine Flow:Urine flows from the
Calyces to the Renal Pelvis to the Ureter to the Urinary Bladder then through the Urethra to outside the body.
Part 2 Gross Structures
Part 2 Gross Structures
Renal ArteryRenal VeinRenal cortexArcuate artery and vein separate Renal Cortex from Renal MedullaRenal medullaRenal pyramidRenal papillae (end of renal pyramid & renal medulla)
Calyces
Arcuate Blood
Vessels
Renal Papillae
Filtrate flow: Renal Cortex to Renal Medulla to Calyces)
Renal
Cortex
Renal
Medulla
Part 2 Gross Structures
Renal ArteryRenal VeinRenal cortexArcuate artery and veinRenal medullaRenal pyramidRenal papillaeCalyces (has urine)Renal pelvis (has urine)Ureter (has urine)
ureter
Renal Pelvis
Calyce
Urine flow: Calyce to Renal Pelvis to Ureter
Renal Cortex contains the Glomerulus Capusules that contains the Glomerulus . The Glomerulus can be found on a model and the microscope slide material. Tubules are also present.
Renal Medulla contains tubules that convey filtrate to the Collecting Duct. The Collecting Duct empties into the Calyces which empty into the Renal Pelvis.The Glomerulus and tubules form the Nephron.
Part 2 Gross Structures: Renal Pyramid & Nephron Model
The Nephron is found in both the Renal Cortex and Renal Medulla
The Flow of the Filtrate:The Filtrate is created when blood passes through the Glomerulus. The blood pressure forces water containing ions and small molecules to enter the capsule of the nephron. The capsule lumen (CL) is continuous with a sequence of tubules.Filtrate flows from CL to PCT to LH to DCT to CT.
PCT
LH
DCT
CL
CT
PCT
PCT
CT
LH
DCT
Filtration occurs at the Glomerulus90 two-liter bottles of water /day =180 L
Reabsorb99% of the Filtrate
99% of the Filtrate is returned to the venous system
Tubules
Filtrate
1% Filtrate passes out of the Collecting Duct as Urine.
PCT
DCTAfferent Arteriole Efferent Arteriole
Glomerular Capsule
Glomerular Capillaries
1. Filtration: Production of Filtrate
2. Reabsorption: Reabsorb 99% of the Filtrate
3. Secretion: of ions and chemicals
Ammonia is ToxicUrea is not Toxic
Urea is formed when amino acids are broken down
Urinary Bladder
Involuntary controlVoluntary control
Urinary Bladder fills and then empties when you feel the “Urge to Purge”.
At 200ml
You are expected to void about 2 liters (<1%) per day.
ECF = IF + P=12 + 3= 15LT= ICF+ ECF = 25+15= 40L
Urine output is monitored for a patient via a catheter and bag.
In the cells
Between the cells
In the blood
At the level of the tissue, multiple systems deliver and remove substances.
Maintaining Homeostasis
Control of Blood Homeostasis
Water decreases
Brain ReceptorsDetect change
Control Center
Effectors
The Role of the Kidney is maintaining the homeostasis of Blood Pressure & Volume
Blood Pressure & Volume Drops1. Kidney releases RENIN (a hormone).2. Blood Pressure Increases and Blood Volume increases.
Blood Pressure & Volume Drops1. The Brain creates ADH (a hormone) and secretes it via the Posterior Pituitary .2. ADH affects the Kidney.3. Kidney reabsorbs more water.4. Blood Volume increases.
AntiDiuretic Hormone= ADH
H+ in urine reduces the pH so that urine is more acidic.A more acidic urine reduces the frequency of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Maintaining Blood pH Homeostasis
Bicarbonate ion is excreted which increases the number of H+ so that blood is more acidic.
Bicarbonate ion is reabsorbed which decreases the number of H+ so that blood is more basic.
Less H+
7. 45-Blood-
pH7.35
More H+
More bicarbonate ions
less bicarbonate
ions
Microscopy of the Kidney
glomerulus
tubules
Understand the Flow• What is
the Flow of Blood in the Kidney?
• What is the Flow of Filtrate in the Kidney?
• What is the Flow of Urine?
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