Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer

• Timeline Practice: List these events in your notebook, numbered 1-7 in chronological order. Try to add the date (or decade) if you can.– Jim Crow Laws– Stamp Act– Articles of Confederation– Louisiana Purchase– House of Burgess established– Kansas-Nebraska Act– Emancipation Proclamation

Bell Ringer• What are 3 technologies we discussed last

class, and what was their impact?

• Name 2 other technologies we have discussed so far in this class. Can you think of any from before 1850? Before 1800?

Immigration

IndustrializationUrbanization

Urbanization and Growth of Cities

• Population growth in the East led to the growth of cities – Why these?– Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, New

York

Urbanization and Growth of Cities

• Reasons for urbanization: –Specialized industries developed around natural resources or transportation (water, rail)

steel Pittsburgh meat-packing Chicago–Created factories demand for labor •Millions of new immigrants • Americans moving from rural to urban areas looking for jobs

Urbanization and Growth of Cities

• Factories in large cities provided jobs • Results of rapid industrialization and

urbanization–Overcrowded neighborhoods –Unsanitary living conditions, especially

for immigrant families and poor workers–Unsafe working conditions

Urbanization and Growth of Cities

• The rapid growth of cities caused housing shortages and the need for new public services, such as– sewage–water systems – public transportation – trolleys and streetcars

How would these change life in the city?

• New Inventions –Light Bulb–Telephone–Airplane–Assembly-line

manufacturing

How would these change life in the city?• Inventors –Thomas Edison– Alexander Graham Bell– Wright Brothers–Henry Ford

Urbanization Wrap-Up

• Why did big cities develop in this period?• What were some of the problems that

were associated with cities?• What are some of the technologies that

made urbanization possible? • What are some technologies that

became necessary because of cities?

Immigration

• Look at the picture on the next slide. • What do you see?• What do you think the cartoon is “saying”?• Write a caption for the cartoon.

• Free education• Free land• Free speech• Free ballot

US Ark of Refuge

• No oppressive taxes• No expensive Kings• No compulsory military service• No knouts or dungeons

Immigration • Before 1871, most immigrants to

America came from northern and western Europe: – Germany - Great Britain– Ireland - Norway and Sweden

• Between 1871 until 1921, most immigrants to America came from southern and eastern Europe and Asia – Greece - Italy– Poland - Russia – Present day Hungary and Yugoslavia – China and Japan

Immigration to the US

• Increase in immigration due to: – Desire for religious freedom (push or pull?)– Escape from oppressive governments (push or pull?)– Hope for economic opportunities (push or pull?)

• Immigrants entered the United States through Ellis Island in New York Harbor

• The Statue of Liberty was often the first view for immigrants after their voyage across the Atlantic

• Did you know? 40% of Americans can trace roots to ancestors who came through Ellis Island

Immigration

With a partner, answer questions 1-20 on a

separate sheet of paper:

(please do not write on the test)

Answers to Test1)Mouth 2) Eye 3) Nose 4) Spoon 5) Chimney6) Ear7) Filament8)Stamp9) Strings10) Heel

11) Trigger12) Tail13) Leg 14) Shadow 15) Ball (in

hand) 16)Net17) Forearm18) Horn19) Arm (in

mirror) 20) Diamond

• Upon their arrival, immigrants began the process of assimilation

• This was called the American “melting pot” • Immigrants often settled into ethnic

neighborhoods in cities• Immigrant families worked hard to learn

English, adopt American customs and become American citizens

• Public schools played an important role in assimilating immigrants into American society

Immigration

• Contributions of immigrants: –Chinese workers helped build Transcontinental Railroad –Eastern Europeans worked in textile and steel mills in the Northeast and the clothing industry in NYC–Slavs, Italians, Polish worked in coal mines in

the East • All worked at great personal risk in

dangerous conditions and for very low wages

Immigration

• At your table answer the following question:

“How do you think native-born Americans reacted to the increase of immigrants coming to the United States? Why?”

• Brainstorm as many ideas as you can think of

Immigration

• Despite their hard work and contributions, immigrants often faced discrimination and hostility –Fear and resentment that immigrant workers

would take jobs for lower pay than Americans–Prejudice based on cultural and religious

differencesNativism= prejudice against the “wrong

groups” coming to America• Increasing pressure led Congress to limit

immigration through new laws

Immigration

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:

-Ban on all immigration from China (except for students, teachers, merchants, and tourists)

-Barred Chinese immigrants from U.S. citizenship

- Not repealed until 1943Immigration Restriction Act of

1921:-Set up a quota system limiting

who and how many immigrants could come to the U.S.

- Aimed at people from Eastern Europe.

Think-Pair-Share

• What problems existed in the cities?

• What could be done to solve those problems?

Reform Movements• What problems existed in the cities?Reformers tried to solve the problems of the

urban poor – “social responsibility”– Social Gospel movement– Settlement Houses provided services:• educational • cultural (to Americanize immigrants)• social services (day care)• Jane Addams – Hull House (Chicago)

Exit Ticket

• Write three sentences to describe three changes in American society we talked about today.

• Were these changes good or bad? How so?