Transcript
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HORMONE SYNTHESIS,RELEASE AND TRANSPORT
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Hormone:
produced in small amounts by specific
tissues (endocrine glands), control the
metabolic and biological activities in thetarget cells
Hormone
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HORMONE CLASSIFICATION
Protein and polypeptide
Amine Steroid
Eicosanoid
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BIOCHEMISTRYMEDICAL FACULTY USU
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PEPTIDE HORMONES
Consist of specific amino acids
Synthesized as large precursor proteins
Stored in membrane-enclosed
compartments
Hydrophillic
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PEPTIDA INSULIN
Di sintesa di Pulau Pankreas sebagaipreproinsulin
Untuk sekresi disimpan di RES oleh enzim mikrosomal dibelah menjadiproinsulin sewaktu memasuki membran RES
Proinsulin diangkut ke golgi kompleksdikemas menjadi secretory granules
Di granula, C-Peptida dipisahkan insulindisekresikan
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Protein and Polypeptide Hormones Synthesis
: Peptide hormone synthesis and packaging
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Proinsulin
Insulin
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AMINE HORMONES
Derived from the amino acid tyrosine
Includes thyroid hormones and
catecholamines
Stored until secreted
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Thyroid gland produce T3 and T4
hormones Iodide (I-) actively transported into the
follicle of thyroid gland
Oxidized to iodine (Io
) by a peroxidase
Thyroid Hormones
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Iodine attached to tyrosine within
thyroglobulin chain
MIT, DIT
MIT and DIT or 2 DIT molecules
coupled together
TSH via cAMP stimulates hydrolyze T3
and T4 from thyroglobulin (inhibited by
KI)
Thyroid Hormones
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STEROID HORMONES
Precursor: Cholesterol
Lipophillic
Immediately released from the cell
following synthesis
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Hormon Steroid
Korteks adrenal sintesis :
glukokortikoid, mineralokortikoid, sexsteroid
Terutama dari kolesterol plasma(sebahagian kecil dari asetil koA)
Kolesterol plasma dirubah menjadi
pregnenolon oleh enzim sitokrom P450(mitkondria atau RES)
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Hormon Steroid
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Hormon Steroid
Kekhususan seluler :
sintesis mineralokortikoid pada sel
glomerulosa18 hidroksilase dan 18 hidroksisteroid
dehidrogenase hanya ditemukan pada
sel ini
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Golongan Hormon Steroid
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Protein Transport
Thyroid Hormones
Globulin alfa (85%)TBG
TBPA (transferitin)
Albumin sedikit
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Protein Transport
Hormon Steroid
Kortisol- 75 % terikat CBG (transkortin)
- 10 % kortisol bebas
- selebihnya pada albumin(mis deksametason)
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Protein Transport
Hormon Steroid
Androgen
- DHEA terikat lemah pada albumin
- Testoteron terikat pada globulin spesifik( SHBG)
Mineralokortikoid- tidak punya protein pengangkut spesifik
- membentuk ikatan lemah dengan
abumin
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EICOSANOIDS HORMONE
Produced from arachidonic acid,
Released from phospholipids by action of
phospholipase A2,phospholipase C
Produced in almost every organ
In one pathway arachidonic acid is converted
to prostanoids by a group of enzymes, thecyclooxygenase system
A second pathway to produce leukotrienes
by the enzyme 5 lipoxygenase
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EICOSANOIDS HORMONE
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Prostaglandins
SAIDS inhibit action of phospholipase
NSAIDs, such as aspirin and derivatives of
ibuprofen, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity ofPGH2 Synthase
They inhibit formation of prostaglandinsinvolved in fever, pain, & inflammation
They inhibit blood clotting by blockingthromboxane formation in blood platelets
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REFERENCES
Devlin T M, PhD. Text Book of Biochemistry withClinical Correlations 5thed. Wiley-Liss, New York.2002 : 906-952, 982-983
McKee Trudy, McKee James R. The molecular
basis of Life. 3rded. McGraw-Hill. Americas, NewYork. 2003 : 541-559
Murray R K, et al. Harpers Biochemistry 26thed.Appleton & Lange. America 2003: 434-473
Raff A, et al. Moleculer Biology of The Cell. 4thed.Garland Science. New York. 2002: 832-892
Stryer L. Biokimia. Edisi 4. EGC, Jakarta. 2000.:340-358
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