BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)1 Natural functions: w Material inputs Inputs to various economic activities w Waste receptor services Acceptance of residuals.
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BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 1
Natural functions: Material inputs
• Inputs to various economic activities Waste receptor services
• Acceptance of residuals (wastewater, noise)
Life-support functions• A hospital, healthful environment
(clean air, pure water) Amenity services
• Beautiful landscapes and pleasant spaces for recreation and personal renewal
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 2
Are the Functions of Natural
Environment Similar to
Man Made Environment?
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 5Man-made environment
Biotic environment
Physical environment
Component of Environment and Spatio-Temporal Scales Environment
Local Region Country Global
Distance Future
Intermediate Future
Present
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 6
Q. Are economy, society,
politic and technology
classified as human
environment?
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 7
A. They are just “mechanism” for:
- interrelationships between
human and environment
- interrelationships between
human and human
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 8
Q. What must be solved if there
is any problem regarding
relationships between human
and environment?
Discussion?????
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 11
A. Ecosystem with 3 components
1.Diversity of organisms 2.Natural environment 3.Man-made environment
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 12
How can we classify ecosystems in relation to degree of human influences?
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 16
1.1 Natural ecosystem
-without direct human influence-capable of self-homeostasis
and self-perpetuation
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 17
1.2 Near-natural ecosystem
-some degree of human influence
-some modifications after human abandonment
-self homeostasis and self-perpetuation
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 18
1.3 Semi-natural ecosystem
-resulting from human use of
1.1 and 1.2 but not (intentionally) created
-high degree of modification after human abandonment
-limited capability of self homeostasis and self-perpetuation
-human management required
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 19
1.4 Anthropogenic biotic ecosystem
-intentionally created by human
-completely dependent on human control and management
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 20
2.Techno-ecosystems - anthropogenic (technical)
systems - dominance of technical structures
(artifacts) and processes - intentionally created by human for
industrial, economic or cultural activities
- dependent on human control and on the surrounding and interspersed bio-ecosystems
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 29
Q. What is more important, life or environment?
Q. Can life survive without environment?
Q. Can environment exist without life?
Q. What is more important, human or environment?
Q. Can human survive without environment?
Q. Can environment exist without human?
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 31
Q. What are the critical factors for survivorship of life?
A. Energy and matters.
Q. Can energy and matters be created by life?
A. No way?
Q. Where do those available energy and matters for life come from?
A. Environment of course!
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 32
Q. Can life always accumulate energy and matter within them?
A. Impossible!
Q. Where could life transfer energy and matters out of them?
A. Environment again!
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 33
Conclusions: 1. Life can not exist without environment. 2. Environment is critical to life for: 2.1 evolutionary drive, 2.2 providing energy and matter, 2.3 receiving dissipated energy and
matter. 3. Environment can exist without life for
most of the time. 4. Environment is the death or alive for life.
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 39
A. 3 environmental processes1. Material transfer2. Energy transfer3. Information transfer
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 40
Q. Are these 3 processes also sustain human on the Earth?
• Discussion?
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 42
Material transfer Key concepts 1. Life need materials. 2. Life can not create materials. 3. There are limited amount of materials
on the earth. 4. Materials in environment are not
always in accordance with demand of life.
5. Variations in life for materials 5.1 Quantity 5.2 Quality
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 45
6. Therefore, the interactions between life with the physical environment lead to cycling of matters between living and non-living parts.
7. Life (including human) are opened systems in term of matters.
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 46
Law related to cycling of matters
1. Law of tolerance
can be applied to both matter and physical environment.
BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 49
3. Law of the conservation of matter
-matters never disappear
-no "waste" in nature because of "cycling" between biotic and abiotic (physical) components
-during cyclings, matters transform between "organic" and "inorganic"
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