Basics in Information Literacy - uliege.belola.hec.uliege.be/pluginfile.php/136801/mod_label/intro/Basics in... · 1.2 Information Literacy: Pillars Define Access Evaluate Organise

Basics in Information Literacy

MATHIEU UYTTEBROUCK

SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORULIÈGE LIBRARY - LÉON GRAULICH

CONTACT: MUYTTEBROUCK@ULIEGE.BE

Why this course ?

Teacher’s request:

Gaps in students papers

Bad identification and use of science literacy

Students request:

Can’t meet properly to teachers requirements

Lack of effiency in searching, wasting of time

More quality, relevance, efficiency, autonomy

Why this course ?

GOALS:

Bring useful skills for your academic path

Better knowledge of the tools, methods and techniques

More autonomy and efficiency

Content of this intervention

1. What’s Information Literacy ?

Definition

Principles et pillars

2. What do we search? Literature

Definition of the proper literature

Gray literature

3. Where do we search? University tools

Catalogues and Discovery tools

Databases

4. How do we search ?

Limits et Facets

Booleans operators

Special characters

5. Citation and Plagiarism

1. What’s Information

Literacy ?

1. Information Literacy

«To be information literate, a person must be able to

recognize when information is needed and have

the ability to locate, evaluate and use effectively

the needed information.»

Source : Bernhard, P. (1998). Apprendre à « maîtriser » l’information : des habiletés indispensables dans une « société du savoir », Education et Francophonie, XXVI(1), 18.

(https://www.acelf.ca/c/revue/revuehtml/26-1/09-bernhard.html)

1.1 Information Literacy : Great Principles

Duty of Openness

« ἕν οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα »

« I know only one thing, is that I know nothing »

Question our knowledge

Ask ourself the right questions (WHAT, WHO, WHEN, WHERE…)

Source: PLATON, Sokrates Apology

1.1 Information Literacy : Great Principles

Duty of rigour

Having clear ideas about the way to proceed

Take time to plan your search

What information i need ?

Where will i find it ?

What approach i will use ?

1.1 Information Literacy : Great Principles

Duty of exhaustivity

Not settle too quick

Always try to push further

Cross-reference tools between them

Find the limits

1.1 Information Literacy : Great Principles

Duty of relevance

Keep on sight your goals, problems and hypothesis

Critical sort according to your subjetFaire

Be rigorous : objectified eliminations

Be open-minded : don’t let bias shapeyour hypothesis!!!

1.2 Information Literacy : Pillars

Define

Access

Evaluate

Organise

Integrate

1.2 Information Literacy : Pillars

Define: formulation of the initial question, master the concepts, circumscribe the searching field…

Openness : Challenge your knowledge

Rigour : Tune the meaning of the used concepts

Exhaustivity : Master the lexical field associated to your subject

Relevance : establish a proper frame to your paper scale

Access

Evaluate

Organise

Integrate

1.2 Information Literacy : Pillars

Define

Access: plan your searching methods, Master the proper tools, find the references, then the documentation…

Openness : Consider all the tools at your disposal

Rigour : Plan your working sessions to gain time

Exhaustivity : do not settle on your first results

Relevance : Keep your subject on sight

Evaluate

Organise

Integrate

1.2 Information Literacy : Pillars

Define

Access

Evaluate: Indentifie the proper literature, the relevant sources, critic the information, apply rigorously the process of evaluation…

Openness : Do not use bias to filter your results

Rigour : Base your critic analyse on objectified criteria

Exhaustivity : Check the potential of all finded information

Relevance : test the validity of your hypothesis

Organise

Integrate

1.2 Information Literacy : Pillars

Define

Access

Evaluate

Organise: Manage your documentation, Watch the academicproduction…

Openness : Consider an evolution on new leads

Rigour : Organise your bibliography

Exhaustivity : Stay aware of the new releases

Relevance : Don’t let you drown in your watch

Integrate

1.2 Information Literacy : Pillars

Define

Access

Evaluate

Organise

Integrate: Use the information in your work, cite it properly and avoid plagiarism …

Openness : Take time to develop your reflexions

Rigour : Respect the bibliography norms

Exhaustivity : Be complete in your citations

Relevance : don’t burden your writing

2. What do we

search?

2.1 Work instruments

For Background and Overall informations

About a word > Dictionnary

Overall subject > encyclopedia

Geographical > Atlas

Good starting point, but not enough!

2.2 Scientific Literature

Also called Research

ESSENTIAL

Precise contextualization of the research

framework

Establishing a rigorous and proven

methodology

Confirmation of the results

Can help to throw yourself on new leads

2.2 Scientific Literature

Terminology

Livres Monographies Monographs

Actes de Congrès,

conférences

Actes de Colloque

Proceedings

Revues scientifiques

Périodiques Journals

Compte-rendus de recherche

Rapports de Recherches

Working Papers

2.2 Scientific Literature

Monographs

Plus de 48 pages

« Aboutissement » du travail de chercheur

Collective Publication

Joining of input on a common theme

Proceedings

Transcripts of oral interventions from the same seminar or colloquium

Scientific Articles

Less definitive, but more current

Working Papers

Assessment of a researcher

recommandations

2.2 Scientific Literature

Normatives criteria (Bibliographic Apparel)

Language quality

Abstract

Citations (foot notes, end notes…)

Bibliography!

Systemics criteria

Readers comity (Scientific members)

Peer reviewing

Peer citing (impact factor)

Author Affiliation

2.2 Scientific Literature

3. Abstract

2.2 Scientific Literature

4. Citations and footnotes

2.2 Scientific Literature

Footnotes and Summary

2.2 Scientific Literature

1. Journal and Reader Comity

2.2 Scientific Literature

2. Reader comity

2.2 Scientific Literature

5. Bibliography

2.2 Scientific Literature

Publisher

2.2 La littérature scientifique

Author Affiliation

2.3 Gray literature

Also called sources (of information)

Often non edited

Exemples:

Thesis and Students papers

Reports

Interviews

Official production from institutions (reports,

statistics)

Etc.

2.3 Gray literature

2.3 Gray literature

Articles and non scientifics journals

2.3 Gray literature

!! Lacking of:

- Citations

- Bibliography

- Readers

2.3 Gray literature

Worst of the worst

- Ghost-Writer

- Story-telling

- Pure subjectivity

- Purely commercial

3. Where do we

search?

3. Where do we search?

Les Catalogues

Library services

Search on the Uliège Discovery tool

Databases

Find the databases

Particularities

Get it at ULiège

Open Access

Roads to Open Access

Predatory Journals

3.1 Catalogues

Now more called Discovery tools

DEMONSTRATION

http://lib.uliege.be

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

Les ouvrages de stratégie marketing se trouvent

à la cote:

XXI-9423/….Économie

Gestion commerciale

Stratégie marketing

Cote de position

LIRE UNE COTE: système décimal

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

3.1 Catalogues

Catalogue from de Liege Province

(https://www.provincedeliege.be/fr/node/1021)

Public Libraries

May be useful

Unicat (https://www.unicat.be)

For all Academic and institutional Libraries of Belgium!

Checking availability

Worldcat (http://www.worldcat.org/)

For all libraries in the World

Only locations!

3.2 Databases Search engine

Computerized tools, usually for a fee

Questionable by web

Source of Information and documentation (references, summaries and sometimes content)

Searching by keywords or bibliographic data

Access to references

Often with an abstract

Sometimes with complete text

Access to all databases by the Uliège Library website (lib.ulg.ac.be)

!!!! Identify yourself

Not always stick to one’s own discipline

A subject can have many common ground with sociology, politics, economics, etc.

Complete research by interviewing other databases

3.2 Databases

3.2 Databases

3.2 Databases

3.2 Databases

3.2 Databases

CAIRN

Human and Social sciences

French

Journals and ebooks, sometimes only the reference available

From 2001

EBSCOHost

Directory of databases

En anglais

Includes CMMC (Communication and Mass Media Complete), Academic Search Premier, Business Source Premier etc.

Mainly Journals

Bureau Van Dijk

Directory of the databases (Bel-First et Orbis Europe)

French and English

Need a request at your teachers for the access

Mainly figures from Benelux and European business : balance sheets, SWOT, etc.

3.2 Databases

SCOPUS

Database from Elsevier, in english

« largest database of SEO and abstract scientific literature » (Journals and Monographs)

Searching by Impact Factor

OECD iLibrary

Bilingual french/english

Thematical or national searching

Scientific literature, but mainly figures and reports

COLUMBIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ONLINE (CIAO)

Centered around international relations

english

Mainly References of Journals

3.2 DatabasesExemple : Cairn.info

3.2 DatabasesExemple : Business Source Premier

3.2 DatabasesExemple : OECD iLibrary

3.2 DatabasesLe « Get it @ ULiège »

3.2 DatabasesLe « Get it @ ULiège »

Le « Get it @ ULiège »

Link between our different databases souscription

Allow access to the complete text via the

catalogue

Le « Get it @ ULiège »

Le « Get it @ ULiège »

3.2 DatabasesVirtual Private Network

Open the access to paid online ressource outside the Universitycampus

Module on your browser

Need identification

3.2 DatabasesVirtual Private Network

3.2 DatabasesVirtual Private Network

3.3 Open Access

Research

Writing

Peer-reviewing

Publishing

Access

?

3.3 Open Access

The two roads of Open Access

The Golden road : Open access for fees to an

independant platform

Authors pay the journal or the editor to ensure free to users

Can be the open door can be excessive, or even a scam

(predatory journals)

Ex : Scopus OA, Taylor & Francis OA, OpenEdition Journals…

The Green road : deposit in open archives

Most of the time linked to a scientific or academic institution

Often embargo from editors

Ex : Pascal et Francis, Gallica, Orbi…

3.3 L’Open Access

Where to find Open Access platform ?

BASE : « One of the most important searchengine in multidisciplinary research in Open

Access »

3.3 L’Open Access

Where to find Open Access platform ?

https://openaccess.couperin.org/ou-trouver-

des-ressources/

3.3 L’Open Access

Exemples of Open Access Databases

Pascal et Francis : CNRS Database (French)

Gallica : French National Library Database

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) :

Community Management and Peer-reviewing

Persée : Free Journals archives (before 2001)

« Valorisation du patrimoine scientifique »

OpenEdition Journals : old Revues.org

Smaller, mainly French literature

SciELO : hispanic literature database

3.4 Predatory Journals

Predatory Journals : « Journals that publish work without

proper peer review and which charge scholars sometimes

huge fees to submit »

Source : predatoryjournals.com

3.4 Predatory Journals

3.4 Predatory Journals

3.4 Predatory Journals

How to identify Predatory Journals

As a reader : https://predatoryjournals.com/

Blacklist of the dangerous Journals

Highjacked list

As a scientist : https://thinkchecksubmit.org/

Good knowledge of the publishing process

Be skeptical in front of a spontaneous request

Warning of a short peer-reviewing process

4. Methods of

Searching

4. Méthodes de recherche

Limits and Facets

Booleans operators

Special characters

Thesaurus

4.1 Limits and Facets

Before = limits

After = facets

4.1 Limits and Facets

4.1 Limits and Facets

4.1 Limits and Facets

4.2 Booleans operators

Logical Algebra operators

AND – OR – EXCEPT

Utility:

- Refine or widen the search

- Include or exclude elements

- Relations between concepts in synonyms

4.2 Booleans operators

Multiplication > Conjonction > « And »

Addition > Disjonction > « OR »

Soustraction > Negation > « Except »

Car

Automobile

Women Work

VATTaxes

4.2 Booleans operators

4.2 Booleans operators

4.4 Special Characters

Troncation :

Enlarge the search to all the words with a

common root

Find singular or plural forms, or words with a poorly

knowed spelling

Troncation = signs who replace one or more

letters at the end or the beginning of the word

*

4.4 Special Characters

Migra*

Migration(s) Migratoire(s) Migrant(s)

Instituti*

Institutional Institution(s) Institutionnel(le)

4.4 Special Characters

Masks : « ? »

Allow to search a word with multiple spelling

Ex.1: Judg?ment

Judgement (GB)

Judgment (US)

Ex.2: Hono?r

Honour (GB)

Honor (US)

4.4 Special Characters

To research an EXACT EXPRESSION :

« Puissances émergentes »

« Anthropologie de l’enfance »

« Coopération internationale »

« Sociologie du travail »

« … »

4.4 Special Characters

Combination with Booleans operators

equations

Exemple : ((« Marché du travail » OU « Marché de

l’emploi ») ET migra*)

« Marché de l’emploi »

Migra* = migrants,

migrations, etc,

« Marché du travail »

4.5 Thesaurus

or Index, or directory

Standardised index of controled words

normalised concepts

Keywords / descriptors describing multiplethemes and concepts

4.5 Thesaurus

DescripteurTerme générique

auto Car

Car withoutpermit

break

Sports car

vehicles

Termes spécifiques

4.5 Thesaurus

5. Citations

and Plagiarism

Right or Wrong?

When you express in yours own words what is written on a web page, you don’t have to quote your sources.

WRONG!

Right or Wrong?

If I take up an idea or concept, spoken of orally, by a professor in his

or her course, I must mention it explicitly.

RIGHT!

Right or Wrong?

If I use, in a job, an image found freely on Google, I am not forced to

mention the source of this image.

WRONG!

Droits d’usage des images

Right or Wrong?

Plagier is to copy word for word a part from a book, magazine, or web page, without putting it in quotation marks and/or without mentioning the

source.

RIGHT! (but not just that)

5.1 Plagiarism

« Plagiarism is defined as submitting as one's own work,

irrespective of intent to deceive, that which derives in part or in

its entirety from the work of others without due

acknowledgement ».

(source : "Definition of plagiarism", in University of Cambridge Website )

PDF pamphlet

Conditions:

inserting an excerpt of a document into its text without placing it in quotation marks and without indicating the full reference (author, source, year). And this, regardless of the medium, the original language or the length of the extract taken. Italicizing or bolding is not enough. The quotation marks and the explicit and complete quotation from the source are essential

inserting in its text a reasoning, an analysis, an image, a graph... of others without giving the complete reference

paraphrasing in whole or in part a document without giving the full reference.

5.1 Plagiarism

ALWAYS CITE YOUR SOURCES!!!!!!

Yes but HOW?

Different ways to make a bibliography

Riguor and Coherence is the key!

Use an adapt way depending on the type of the document

Stay legible for your reader

5.2 Citations : Principles

Must appear fully and classified in your bibliography

In Author's name alphabetical order (Anonymous upfront)

Separate « Grey literacy » and scientific literacy

Must appear in full at their first mention in the text

In footnote, directly after the citation, or at the end

If new mention later, use a simplified reference

If new mention on the same page, indicated Idem or

Ibidem

5.2 Citations : Norms

APA : American Psychological Association

APA Guide from Montréal University(http://guides.bib.umontreal.ca/disciplines/20-Citer-selon-les-normes-de-l-APA?tab=108 )

Monograph : Author, A. A. (year). Title du livre (xe ed., vol. x). Place of publication : Publisher.

Journal Article : Author, A. A., Author, B. B. and Author, C. C. (year). Article title. Journal title, volume(number), starting page – ending page.

Online Article : mention the DOI at the end, of the URL.

Uliège Norms

Variation according to faculties, to do with your teacher/promoter.

Name of the Author in small capitals (Ctrl+Shift+K)

Article title or contribution between quotation marks

Add « in » before the Journal title or the collective publication reference, add « p. » before paging

[online]hypertext link (date of last consultation)

Can use Mendeley or Zotero

5.2 Cite a collective publication

Like a monograph, with an editor

Exemple

FERCHIOU Sophie, ed., 1996, L’islam pluriel au Maghreb,

CNRS éditions, Paris.

Contribution = « Article » in the collective publication

Exemple

BLILI Leïla, 1996, « le faqih entre ordre sacré et gestion du

profane », in FERCHIOU Sophie, ed., L’islam pluriel au

Maghreb, CNRS éditions, Paris, pp. 85-92.

5.2 Cite thesis

Mention « thesis», « unpublished », and the University

Can addthe disciplinand the promoter

Exemple :

ANDREETTA Sophie, 2016, « Saisir l’Etat ». Les conflits d’héritage, la justice et

la place du droit à Cotonou, Thèse de doctorat en sciences politiques et

socialesnon publiée, Université de Liège.

5.3 Citing tools

ZOTERO

Open Source : https://www.zotero.org/

MENDELEY

Free (Elsevier) : https://www.mendeley.com/

Operation

Install on the browser

Save citations, then upload on text files (Microsoft Office,

LibreOffice etc.)

Any

Questions?

CONSULTING HOURS IN OFFICE : MONDAY 10H-12H AND THURSDAY 14H-16H

MAIL : MUYTTEBROUCK@ULIEGE.BE

GOING FURTHER

Bernhard, P. (1998). Apprendre à « maîtriser » l’information : des habiletés indispensables dans une « société du savoir », Education et Francophonie, XXVI(1), 18. https://www.acelf.ca/c/revue/revuehtml/26-1/09-bernhard.html

5PMIS - Cinq piliers de la maîtrise de l’information scientifique - Présentation, http://infolit.be/5PMIS/

ISO/TC 46/SC 9 - Identification et description, https://www.iso.org/fr/committee/48836/x/catalogue/

CHEVILLOTTE S., Bibliothèques et Information Literacy, http://bbf.enssib.fr/consulter/bbf-2005-02-0042-007

POCHET B., Comprendre et maîtriser la littérature scientifique.,

Gembloux, Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, 2015.

POCHET B., Infolit.be : la maîtrise de l’information scientifique, http://infolit.be/wordpress/