basic introductionary lecture on endocrinology and thyroid

Basic Introductionary lecture

onendocrinology

and thyroid

Endocrinology thyroid

anti-thyroid drugs

Dr. Pranesh Vijay PawaskarResidentDept. of PharmacologyL.T.M.M.C. Sion, Mumbai 22Date – 14/12/2016

endocrinology

Hormone (Greek hormaein—to stir up) = is a substance of intense biological activity that is produced by specific cells in the body and is transported through circulation to act on its target cells.

Endocrine glands

Glands and hormones1. Pituitary =

(a) Anterior = Growth hormone (GH), Prolactin (Prl),

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, Corticotropin),

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, Thyrotropin),

Gonadotropins—Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH).

(b) Posterior = Oxytocin,

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, Vasopressin).

Glands and hormones

Thyroid =

Thyroxine (T4),

Triiodothyronine (T3),

Calcitonin

Glands and hormones

Parathyroid =

Parathormone (PTH).

Glands and hormones

Pancreas =

(Islets of Langerhans) Insulin,

Glucagon.

Glands and hormones

Adrenals =

(a) Cortex = Glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone)Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)Sex steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone)

(b) Medulla = Adrenaline, Noradrenaline

Glands and hormones

Gonads =

Androgens (testosterone)

Estrogens (estradiol)

Progestins (progesterone)

Glands and hormones

Hypothalamus = Releasing hormones

mechanism At cell membrane receptors

1) Through cAMP = Adrenaline, Glucagone, TSH, LH, FSH, PTH, Calcitonin, ACTH.

2) Through IP3, DAG pathway = Vasopressin, Oxytocin.

3) Transmembrane Tyr.Kinase = Insulin, GH, Prolactin.

Mechanism at cytoplasmic receptors

• Penetrating cell membrane = • Steroidal hormones :

Glucocorticoids,

Mineralocorticoid,

Androgens,

Estrogens,

Progestins,

Calcitriol.

Mechanism at nuclear receptor

•Hormone penetrates the nucleus =

Thyroid hormones,

Thyroxine,

Triiodothyronine.

thyroid

anatomy

histology

physiology

biochemistry

biochemistry

Synthesis , storage, secretion

diagnosis

surgery

Thank you