Basic Electricity and Electronics Module One Basic Electricity Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Basic Electricity and Electronics

Module OneBasic Electricity

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Basic Electricity

Basic electricity and electronics starts with electrons

Electrons are one of the three fundamental particles

Electrons move to create electrical work Electronics is the study and use of

systems that control the movement of electrons

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Electrons and Charge

How do we make electrons move? Electrons have a charge Like charges repel, unlike charges

attract These forces make electrons move

F

F

F

+ +

+

---

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Where do we get charge? Charge is a fundamental property of

nature Electrons and protons have a charge Electron charge is negative Proton charge is positive

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The Atom

The fundamental building block of all matter

Made of protons, neutrons,and electrons

The type of element is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus

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Voltage and Charge Voltage is a measurement of force

created by a buildup of charge Atoms are usually neutral because

they have the same number of protons and electrons

Charge builds up when electrons are separated from the atom

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Voltage and Current

Voltage is the force created by a buildup of charge

Also called a potential difference Voltage can make electrons move Electron movement is called current

flow Current flow does the work in an

electric circuit

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Common Electrical Units

The unit of charge is the COULOMB

Charge has the symbol Q, abbreviation C

The unit of voltage is the VOLT The symbol is V, the abbreviation is V

The unit of current is the AMP Current uses the symbol I, abbreviation A

The unit of resistance is the OHM

Resistance has the symbol W, abbreviation R

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Why use Electricity?

A good power source Easy to create Easy to control Efficient to transmit Easy to measure Makes everything work – our way of

life depends on it

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An electric circuit must have a complete path from one side of a power supply (+V) to the other (-V)

Voltage across a resistor creates current

Voltage, current, and resistance follow a rule known as Ohm’s Law

I =

Current equals voltage divided by resistance

VR

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A Simple Circuit

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Water vs Electrical Analogy

Calculating series and parallel resistance

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Electricity creates an electromagnetic wave also known as a radio signal

Travels at the speed of light through air

Travels at nearly the speed of light through a wire

Historically most signals were analog and used AC principles

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Electrical Components

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Electrical Components

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Electrical Components

Resistors

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Water Analogy

Capacitors in AC circuits

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Water Analogy

Capacitor Tutorial Video

Capacitor AC & DC Current

Inductors in AC circuits

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Water Analogy

Inductor Tutorial Video

Symbol

Diodes

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Water Analogy

Diode Tutorial Video

LED

Transistors

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Water Analogy

Transistor Tutorial Video

Symbol

Microprocessors

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MicroprocessorTutorial Video

iPhone 6 Microprosessor

How MicroprocessorsAre Made Video