Barbara Gerstenberger Coordinator in the Directorate Eurofound

EZA Opening seminar – The main focuses of the European Social DialogueMilan, November 22 – 23

Strategy “Europe 2020” and the EU employment package: workers’ organisations are taking part

in creating more and good work

Barbara Gerstenberger

Coordinator in the Directorate

Eurofound

In this presentationIn this presentation

• Europe 2020: What does it say about more and better jobs?

• The track record: figures on recent job creation and job loss from the European Jobs Monitor

• Job quality in Europe: results from the European Working Conditions Survey

• Green jobs: responses and initiatives by Member States and the social partners

Streamline the policy concept of quality of work; devise a set of indicators to monitor progress

European employment strategy European employment strategy and quality of workand quality of work

THE TRACK RECORDTHE TRACK RECORD

5 million jobs lost in the EU 5 million jobs lost in the EU

Jobs lost in the EU 2008q2 – 2010q2 by wage quintile

Source:European Jobs Monitor

Before and after . . .Before and after . . .

Source:European Jobs Monitor

““Shrinking middle”Shrinking middle”

Employment shifts by wage quintile during the recession 2008 - 2010

Source:European Jobs Monitor

““Shrinking middle”Shrinking middle”

Employment shifts by wage quintile during the recession 2008 - 2010

Source:European Jobs Monitor

““Shrinking middle”Shrinking middle”

Employment shifts by wage quintile during the recession 2008 - 2010

Source:European Jobs Monitor

Manufacturing:Manufacturing:decline in the EUdecline in the EU

Source:European Jobs Monitor

Manufacturing:Manufacturing:a German exceptiona German exception

Source:European Jobs Monitor

Employment shifts by job-wage and job-education/skill quintile, EU27, Q2 2008 to Q2 2010 (thousands)

Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2) Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2)

2011 q2 – 2012 q2

2008 q2 – 2010 q2

Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Spain Spain

Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Germany Germany

Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Poland Poland

Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Job loss and gain 2011 (q2) – 2012 (q2):Italy Italy

JOB QUALITY IN EUROPEJOB QUALITY IN EUROPE

Eurofound’s approach to measuring quality of workEurofound’s approach to measuring quality of work

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• Composite indicators based on the European Working Conditions Survey

• Approach:• We consider: work itself (the activity) and the nature of the

physical location of the employment • But not: the nature of the labour market and beyond

• We want to describe:• Characteristics of the job (facts)

• Guiding question: to what extend does the job fulfil workers’ needs from work

• But not: subjective elements (expectations, feelings, preferences)

• Aim: Obtain a measure of job quality independent of workers’ personal circumstances and the external labour market

Quality of work in Eurofound‘s studyQuality of work in Eurofound‘s study

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Earnings (relative to Romania)Earnings (relative to Romania)

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Working Time Quality (relative to Montenegro)Working Time Quality (relative to Montenegro)

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Intrinsic Job Quality (relative to Turkey)Intrinsic Job Quality (relative to Turkey)

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Prospects (relative to Turkey)Prospects (relative to Turkey)

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Average job quality indices by genderAverage job quality indices by gender

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Percentage of individuals with low quality jobs, by genderPercentage of individuals with low quality jobs, by gender

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Job quality indices in EU-15 countries, 1995 - 2010Job quality indices in EU-15 countries, 1995 - 2010

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Change in Skills and DiscretionChange in Skills and Discretion(T) (T) by country in the EU 15, by country in the EU 15, 1995 – 20101995 – 2010

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Change in Work Intensity (T) by country in the Change in Work Intensity (T) by country in the EU 15EU 151995 – 20101995 – 2010

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Conclusion from the 5th EWCSConclusion from the 5th EWCS

• One fifth ‚low quality‘ jobs are too much • Physical environment has hardly improved – in spite of

effirts • Increasing work intensity leads to risk of high stress

levels – impact on ‘sustainability’• Increase in index for skills and discretion in some

countries is positive • Working Time Quality has improved in all countries –

but flexibility of working time for workers must be monitored 21/04/23 30

GREEN JOBSGREEN JOBS

More and better green jobs?More and better green jobs?

• Net job creation effect of greening of industries is likely to be neutral

• Data from the European Restructuring Monitor shows ‘green’ sector facing turbulences

• Impact of ‘greening’ on quality of jobs mainly through skills and training dimension

• ‘Greening’ as such is not a topic of major importance for social partners

• Little or no social dialogue in newly emerging industries

Level of engagement and mobilisation by national governments and social partners

For more information, please visit:

www.eurofound.europa.eu